CAJ | 학술논문

高考招生现行的“配额制”造成了考生与大学之间“高分低就”和“低分高就”的不稳定匹配。“竞争制”导向的改革可以达到高招结果的稳定性，但却会大规模伤害现行制度下的既得利益，引发反对浪潮。因此可取的高招制度应是介于配额制和竞争制之间的一种折衷。“人口比例配额制”、“出资比例配额制”、“次级配额制”和“异地高考配额制”是四种典型的折衷制度。基于北京和山东数据的数值模拟表明，从偏离稳定匹配程度（偏离率）和既得利益受损引发反对强度（受损率）两方面来看，“次级配额制”是六种制度中最可取的。另外，当前呼声很高的开放异地高考的诉求，并不是高招制度改革最可取的方案，因为其偏离率和受损率都比竞争制大。
고고초생현행적“배액제”조성료고생여대학지간“고분저취”화“저분고취”적불은정필배。“경쟁제”도향적개혁가이체도고초결과적은정성，단각회대규모상해현행제도하적기득이익，인발반대랑조。인차가취적고초제도응시개우배액제화경쟁제지간적일충절충。“인구비례배액제”、“출자비례배액제”、“차급배액제”화“이지고고배액제”시사충전형적절충제도。기우북경화산동수거적수치모의표명，종편리은정필배정도（편리솔）화기득이익수손인발반대강도（수손솔）량방면래간，“차급배액제”시륙충제도중최가취적。령외，당전호성흔고적개방이지고고적소구，병불시고초제도개혁최가취적방안，인위기편리솔화수손솔도비경쟁제대。
The existing quota system of College Entrance Examination creates the candidate-university match where some candidates with good scores accepted to some poor university while some candidates with poor scores accepted to some good university. Competition system oriented reforms can achieve stability of the college admission results, but will hurt massively vested interests under the current system, triggering the wave of protests. Therefore desirable college admission system should be a compromise between quota system and competition system. Population proportion quota, funded proportion quota, subprime quota, and Offsite College Entrance Examination quota are four typical compromise systems. The numerical simulations based on the data from Beijing and Shandong show that subprime quota system is the most desirable among all six systems mentioned above, in terms of both deviation degree from the stable matching （ deviation rate） and intensity of protests caused by damaged vested interests （damage rate）. In addition, the current strong appeal to Offsite College Entrance Examination is not the most desirable option because of both its deviation rate and its damage rate larger than competition system.