教育研究
教育研究
교육연구
Educational Research
2014年
2期
144~150
,共null页
美国 公共教育政策 控制模式 保守主义
美國 公共教育政策 控製模式 保守主義
미국 공공교육정책 공제모식 보수주의
the USA, public education policy, controlling mode, Conservatism
20世纪80年代是美国保守主义实现全面复兴与现代化的时代。在其教育政策中，有五类控制模式发挥着作用：官僚控制——实现权力和权威关系的创建、稳定和规范化；专业控制——运用教师专业支配力量、教师专业权威和劝告机制来实现控制；政治控制——将统治阶级的价值观强加给学校；市场控制——用市场的观念来再定义与再阐释学校之中的“民主”；价值控制——通过“象征”、“常识”等社会文化符号来实现控制、表达权力。它们掩盖了保守主义所拥有的不平等的权力与控制的利益，并最终实现了保守主义统治权力的合法化。
20世紀80年代是美國保守主義實現全麵複興與現代化的時代。在其教育政策中，有五類控製模式髮揮著作用：官僚控製——實現權力和權威關繫的創建、穩定和規範化；專業控製——運用教師專業支配力量、教師專業權威和勸告機製來實現控製；政治控製——將統治階級的價值觀彊加給學校；市場控製——用市場的觀唸來再定義與再闡釋學校之中的“民主”；價值控製——通過“象徵”、“常識”等社會文化符號來實現控製、錶達權力。它們掩蓋瞭保守主義所擁有的不平等的權力與控製的利益，併最終實現瞭保守主義統治權力的閤法化。
20세기80년대시미국보수주의실현전면복흥여현대화적시대。재기교육정책중，유오류공제모식발휘착작용：관료공제——실현권력화권위관계적창건、은정화규범화；전업공제——운용교사전업지배역량、교사전업권위화권고궤제래실현공제；정치공제——장통치계급적개치관강가급학교；시장공제——용시장적관념래재정의여재천석학교지중적“민주”；개치공제——통과“상정”、“상식”등사회문화부호래실현공제、표체권력。타문엄개료보수주의소옹유적불평등적권력여공제적이익，병최종실현료보수주의통치권력적합법화。
The 1980s was the era of American Conservatives＂ revitalization and modernization. In that era, there existed live controlling modes including bureaucratic control, professional control, political control, market control and value control in educational policy. Bureaucratic control is to realize the creation, stabilization, and specification of the relationship between power and authority. Professional control is to realize the control through dominant power, authority and persuading mechanism of the teacher profession. Political control is to impose the values of the ruling class to the school. Market control is to make use of the idea of market to re-define and re-explain ＂democracy＂ in public school. Value control is to make use of social and cultural symbol, such as ＂symbol＂ and ＂common knowledge＂, to realize the conlrol and express the power. These modes covered the power and interest held by Conservatism, and ultimately realized the legitimization of their governing power.
