CAJ | 학술논문

创业一直被各界人士认为是解决就业的重要途径。本文通过回顾总结国内和国外关于创业和就业关系的文献，以相对收入的创业理论为基础提出了一个分析创业与就业关系的框架。本文运用全国1995—2010年的数据进行了实证检验，得到如下结论：创业对就业有积极的正向促进作用；在不同的时期，创业对就业促进作用是不同的。本文对创业如何促进就业提出了政策建议，并分析了未来研究需要关注的问题。
창업일직피각계인사인위시해결취업적중요도경。본문통과회고총결국내화국외관우창업화취업관계적문헌，이상대수입적창업이론위기출제출료일개분석창업여취업관계적광가。본문운용전국1995—2010년적수거진행료실증검험，득도여하결론：창업대취업유적겁적정향촉진작용；재불동적시기，창업대취업촉진작용시불동적。본문대창업여하촉진취업제출료정책건의，병분석료미래연구수요관주적문제。
Entrepreneurship has always been considered as one important way to solve the problem of employ- ment by all circles at home and abroad, so the Chinese government has also begun to attach importance to entrepre- neurial activity. As there is relatively large employment pressure in China currently, the study of the relationship be- tween the above two seems meaningful. If we make clear whether the entrepreneurial activity may increase employ- ment or not, and to what extent it may promote employment, etc., we may help to improve the corresponding man- agement measures to better play the role of entrepreneurship creating jobs. However, in China, there is few research on the relations between entrepreneurship and employment , the existing empirical literatures focuse on the impact of entrepreneurial activity reducing the unemployment rate （ Dongzhiqiang, Weixiahai ,2012 ; Fuhong ,2007）, theoretical reviews are to introduce foreign research results （ Luliang, Denghanhui, 2013 ; Tangcanqing, Dongzhiqiang, Liyongjie, 2012）. While,it exits quite a number of similar studies abroad （Singh. R. ,2001 ; Davis. S. J. , Haltiwanger, 1992; Mueller P. ,A. Van Stel, D. Storey,2008 ; A. Roy Thurik,2008,etc. ）, they not only conduct study on the number of employment created by entrepreneurial activity, but also analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and employment quality. Firstly,this paper collects and sorts the literatures on the number of employment created by entrepreneurship from foreign top economic and management research journals issued during the 2000 ~ 2011 year period, then summa- rizes their findings and research characteristics： entrepreneurship can promote employment indeed, however,this sort of employment is unstable. Both advantages and disadvantages exist among these studies, for example： if the method designed by Davis and Haltiwanger is used ,the growth and new entrants into the business ,as well as out of the market and the recession businesses must be classified and divided in order to avoid ＂regression fallacy＂ ; if an improved Gil- bert law used,the difference between firm survival and firm sizes in different industries must be not neglected; if ag- gregated data used, important determinants of the employment generation process may be missed. Next, on the basis of theoretical and empirical research abroad, combined with the situation in China, this paper comes up with one theoretical analysis framework. The provincial and municipal data used herein is from China Sta- tistical Yearbook, China Labor Statistical Yearbook and China Population Statistics Yearbook 1995 to 2010, in addi- tion to related professional websites. When exploring how entrepreneurial activity generates employment on a nation- al scale during different periods, we use methods such as least squares regression analysis, two stage regression anal- ysis, dynamic panel regression analysis, robustness test and Granger causality test. The results of empirical analysis shows that entrepreneurship has positive promotion impact on employment： in general, as entrepreneurship increases by one percentage point, employment will be a corresponding increase from 0. 11 to 0. 22 percentage points. And its impact is different during different periods： in the early days, entrepreneurship has a positive effect on employment promotion ; in the middle of entrepreneurship, it will destroy jobs ; late in entrepreneurship, it will create jobs again. Finally, the conclusions are analyzed： compared with similar studies aboard, the proportion of China＇s entrepre- neurial activity promoting employment is slightly lower; however, different number of employment created by entre- preneurial activity in different periods is similar to foreign findings. We believe that Chinese entrepreneurial activi- ties can create more jobs,which can be improved in two ways： First,to improve the stability of the venture promo- ting employment and reduce volatility. The second is to enhance the effectiveness of entrepreneurship promoting employment,i, e. support the very entrepreneurship which can promote employment. We also noted that the start- ups to create jobs most may be the type that we need to focus on in future research.