求是学刊
求是學刊
구시학간
Seeking Truth
2014年
2期
153~159
,共null页
钱穆 以士释史 文化史学 新史学
錢穆 以士釋史 文化史學 新史學
전목 이사석사 문화사학 신사학
QIAN Mu; scholar interpreting history ; Cultural Historiography ; new historiography
由“以士释史”所体现出来的钱穆之文化历史观,不仅源于他所持守的“士”“是社会的主要中心”、领导“中国史之演进”以及“历史即文化”等观念,还缘起于他对晚清民国史学界“考订派”与“革新派”之弊端的批评与纠偏.钱穆“以士释史”的文化历史观的价值与意义在于,通过体现中国文化精神的“士”来说明中国历史道路、社会性质和文化精神的独特性,以破除那些基于西方观念生硬解释本国历史的不当做法.但钱穆在“以士释史”时,简化了中国历史演进中事实的复杂性和矛盾性,把“士”作为一个终极因素,夸大了“士”,尤其是“士”的精神在国史演进中的解释力.以钱穆为代表的“文化史学”是20世纪中国“新史学”的一个重要组成部分.
由“以士釋史”所體現齣來的錢穆之文化歷史觀,不僅源于他所持守的“士”“是社會的主要中心”、領導“中國史之縯進”以及“歷史即文化”等觀唸,還緣起于他對晚清民國史學界“攷訂派”與“革新派”之弊耑的批評與糾偏.錢穆“以士釋史”的文化歷史觀的價值與意義在于,通過體現中國文化精神的“士”來說明中國歷史道路、社會性質和文化精神的獨特性,以破除那些基于西方觀唸生硬解釋本國歷史的不噹做法.但錢穆在“以士釋史”時,簡化瞭中國歷史縯進中事實的複雜性和矛盾性,把“士”作為一箇終極因素,誇大瞭“士”,尤其是“士”的精神在國史縯進中的解釋力.以錢穆為代錶的“文化史學”是20世紀中國“新史學”的一箇重要組成部分.
유“이사석사”소체현출래적전목지문화역사관,불부원우타소지수적“사”“시사회적주요중심”、령도“중국사지연진”이급“역사즉문화”등관념,환연기우타대만청민국사학계“고정파”여“혁신파”지폐단적비평여규편.전목“이사석사”적문화역사관적개치여의의재우,통과체현중국문화정신적“사”래설명중국역사도로、사회성질화문화정신적독특성,이파제나사기우서방관념생경해석본국역사적불당주법.단전목재“이사석사”시,간화료중국역사연진중사실적복잡성화모순성,파“사”작위일개종겁인소,과대료“사”,우기시“사”적정신재국사연진중적해석력.이전목위대표적“문화사학”시20세기중국“신사학”적일개중요조성부분.
QIAN Mu puts forward the idea of "scholar interpreting history", which shows his cultural and historical concept. It originates from his idea that "scholar" should "be the center of the society", "history is culture" and leads "the evolution of Chinese history". It also originates from his criticism and correction of "textual research school" and "reform school" in late Qing Dynasty. The value and significance of "scholar interpreting History" lie in the correction of the improper behavior based on the stiff explanation of Chinese history from the western perspective. While he is doing that, he simplifies the complexity and contradiction in the fact of the evolution of Chinese history and regards "scholar" as the ultimate factor, which exemplifies the role of "scholar" especially the power of explanation of "scholar" in the evolution of Chinese history. "Cultural Historiography" represented by QIAN Mu is an important part in the "new historiography" in the 20th century China.