CAJ | 학술논문

气候变化一个典型的全球性问题是应对气候变化具有很强的外部性。不同国家或群体对其态度不尽相同，因此气候政策的选择存在多种评价准则，包括环境有效性、成本有效性、代际公平性、区域公平性、体制可行性、技术可行性和伦理道德性等七种评价准则。国际气候变化谈判中，存在不同评价准则的竞争：首先，发达国家相对更强调环境有效性，而发展中国家相对更强调成本有效性。其次，发达国家和发展中国家在资金转移及技术转让方面存在区域公平性的争议。再次，各国在全球温升控制目标方面存在代际公平性的争议。理想的气候政策方案是能够综合各种准则，即充分考虑当代与后代、区域间以及人与自然间的公平，符合政治现实、法律制度和文化传统等体制约束，在可获得的技术水平下，以最低的社会成本实现最大程度的环境改善。
기후변화일개전형적전구성문제시응대기후변화구유흔강적외부성。불동국가혹군체대기태도불진상동，인차기후정책적선택존재다충평개준칙，포괄배경유효성、성본유효성、대제공평성、구역공평성、체제가행성、기술가행성화윤리도덕성등칠충평개준칙。국제기후변화담판중，존재불동평개준칙적경쟁：수선，발체국가상대경강조배경유효성，이발전중국가상대경강조성본유효성。기차，발체국가화발전중국가재자금전이급기술전양방면존재구역공평성적쟁의。재차，각국재전구온승공제목표방면존재대제공평성적쟁의。이상적기후정책방안시능구종합각충준칙，즉충분고필당대여후대、구역간이급인여자연간적공평，부합정치현실、법률제도화문화전통등체제약속，재가획득적기술수평하，이최저적사회성본실현최대정도적배경개선。
Climate change which is a typical global issue has high externalities. Different countries and groups have different attitudes,so there are many criteria for evaluating climate policy,including environmental effectiveness,cost-effectiveness, intergenerational equity,interregional equity,institutional feasibility,technical feasibility,and ethics. In international climate negotiations,criteria for climate policy choice are often controversial. Firstly,developed countries emphasize the environmental effectiveness,while developing countries emphasize the cost-effectiveness. Secondly,developed countries and developing countries have the controversy about the funds and technology transfer. Thirdly,the target of controlling global temperature is a disputed issue about intergenerational equity. The perfect climate policy would satisfy all criteria. In other words,the perfect climate policy would take intergenerational equity, interregional equity ,and ethics into full consideration, satisfy institutional and technical constraints, and achieve the environmental objectives at a minimum cost to society.