CAJ | 학술논문

文章基于2005-2009年中国约30万家工业企业数据，以异质性企业贸易理论所描述的出口企业作为参照系，检验了中国出口企业的特征发现：第一，中国出口企业比例高、集中度低、出口行为不稳定；第二，出口企业生产的大部分产品用于出口，外商主导的出口特征明显；第三，出口企业较非出口企业的全要素生产率、利润率、资本密集度反而更低，即“出口溢价”不完全成立。使用基于第一等随机占优的Kolmogorov—Smirnov非参数估计方法检验发现：加工贸易出口模式、要素市场扭曲、产品市场分割，是“出口溢价”在中国不成立的主要原因。进一步地，文章揭示了中国出口企业特征形成的内在机理。
문장기우2005-2009년중국약30만가공업기업수거，이이질성기업무역이론소묘술적출구기업작위삼조계，검험료중국출구기업적특정발현：제일，중국출구기업비례고、집중도저、출구행위불은정；제이，출구기업생산적대부분산품용우출구，외상주도적출구특정명현；제삼，출구기업교비출구기업적전요소생산솔、리윤솔、자본밀집도반이경저，즉“출구일개”불완전성립。사용기우제일등수궤점우적Kolmogorov—Smirnov비삼수고계방법검험발현：가공무역출구모식、요소시장뉴곡、산품시장분할，시“출구일개”재중국불성립적주요원인。진일보지，문장게시료중국출구기업특정형성적내재궤리。
Based on panel data of 300 thousand industrial enterprises during 2005 to 2009, this paper analyzes the features of Chinese exporters in line with the heterogeneous firm theory, and comes up with the following findings. Firstly, firms involved in exporting take a high proportion in China with low concentra- tion levels and unstable export behaviors. Secondly, the majority of outputs from these firms are served for the international market; export contributed by for- eign-owned firms accounts for 44.63% of the total export. Thirdly, ＂export pre- mium＂ does not hold in China since exporters are characterized by low total factor productivity （TFP）, profit margin and capital intensity. Combining Stochas- tic Dominance and Kolmogorov-Smirnov approach, this study finds that export mode of processing trade, factor market distortion and product market segmenta- tion are three main causes that shape the unique features of exporters in China.