CAJ | 학술논문

排污收费制度是我国一项基本的环境管理制度,但目前排污收费制度还不够完善,征管效率受到许多质疑.为了探究我国排污费征管效率水平及其影响因素,本文利用数字包络分析方法（DEA模型）和Malmquist指数对我国排污费征管效率进行实证研究.基于面板数据对我国31个省市自治区2005-2010年的排污费征管效率变化状况进行测算,分析排污费征管效率的变化情况以及影响因素,并测算征管效率对排污费增长的贡献率.研究表明：①2005年至2010年全国征管效率水平普遍比较高,效率值基本处于0.6-1之间,且呈逐年提高趋势;②各省之间征管效率存在一定的差异,其中,北京、天津、内蒙古、辽宁、上海等12个省市始终征管有效,而云南、安徽、福建、陕西、江西和江苏、浙江等19个省市远离效率前沿面;③废水、废气和固体废弃物排放等因素与监管效率呈明显的负相关关系,监管设备、劳动力对监管效率有显著的正影响;④监管效率对排污费征收额有绝对的正效应,即每提高1％的征管效率,则征收额度将提高61.84万元.最后,从监管人员、设备和监管体系三个方面给出提高排污征管效率的政策及管理建议.
배오수비제도시아국일항기본적배경관리제도,단목전배오수비제도환불구완선,정관효솔수도허다질의.위료탐구아국배오비정관효솔수평급기영향인소,본문이용수자포락분석방법（DEA모형）화Malmquist지수대아국배오비정관효솔진행실증연구.기우면판수거대아국31개성시자치구2005-2010년적배오비정관효솔변화상황진행측산,분석배오비정관효솔적변화정황이급영향인소,병측산정관효솔대배오비증장적공헌솔.연구표명：①2005년지2010년전국정관효솔수평보편비교고,효솔치기본처우0.6-1지간,차정축년제고추세;②각성지간정관효솔존재일정적차이,기중,북경、천진、내몽고、료녕、상해등12개성시시종정관유효,이운남、안휘、복건、협서、강서화강소、절강등19개성시원리효솔전연면;③폐수、폐기화고체폐기물배방등인소여감관효솔정명현적부상관관계,감관설비、노동력대감관효솔유현저적정영향;④감관효솔대배오비정수액유절대적정효응,즉매제고1％적정관효솔,칙정수액도장제고61.84만원.최후,종감관인원、설비화감관체계삼개방면급출제고배오정관효솔적정책급관리건의.
The pollutants levy system （PLS） is a basic environmental management system in China. There are a lot of queries about the expropriation efficiency of the PLS due to imperfect system. In order to explore the expropriation efficiency and influencing factors, this paper conducts an empirical research to the expropriation efficiency of PLS in China by using data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and Malmquist Index. The trend of expropriation efficiency is computed based on panel data on the pollutant levy revenue collected in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2010. The trend and influencing factors of expropriation efficiency are analyzed and the growth rate contributed by efficiency is measured. Firstly, the research finds out that the average expropriation efficiency of pollutant levy is generally at a high level, ranging from 0.6 to 1, and has grown significantly annually in China from 2005 to 2010. Secondly, there are some variations in the rate of efficiency between provinces, with 12 provinces and autonomous regions, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Shanghai being always effective, and those such as Yunnan, Anhui, Fujian, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces and autonomous regions being far from the efficiency frontier surface. Thirdly, there is a significant negative correlation between facts such as waste water, waste gas and solid and the expropriation efficiency, while positive between those such as monitoring equipment and labor and the expropriation efficiency. Fourthly, the expropriation efficiency has a positive effect on pollutant levy revenue with the expropriation efficiency increasing 1%, leading to the increase of the pollutant levy revenue of 618 400 Yuan. Finally, policy suggestions for improving the expropriation efficiency have been put forward in the aspects of labor, equipment and implementation.