中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2014年
2期
38~46
,共null页
气候变化 碳足迹 旅游线路 旅游者 张家界
氣候變化 碳足跡 旅遊線路 旅遊者 張傢界
기후변화 탄족적 여유선로 여유자 장가계
carbon footprint; tourism transportation; tourism itinerary; spatial distribution; Zhangjiajie
基于生命周期评价理论的碳足迹分析方法成为碳排放计量的重要方法之一.按照旅游业“碳减排”的“计量-减排-补偿”三步走的逻辑主线,其碳排放计量是其节能减排的第一步.旅游作为一种因旅游需求的近似性而引起的旅游者集体性空间移动现象,是一种复杂的空间动态流,具有一定的方向性、流动规模、封闭性、不规则性、时空分布等特点.旅游者交通碳足迹研究将旅游者从客源地-目的地-客源地的中观尺度进行考量,具有显著的旅游产业空间运动特征,不仅可以突破现有不同尺度下碳排放研究的割裂,从点、线、面整体认识旅游者交通碳排放,而且可以更加深入地认识旅游业碳排放的空间影响,同时也可以丰富旅游业碳排放的计量理论与方法.本文以世界自然遗产地张家界旅游线路为研究对象,首先构建了客源地-目的地-客源地为核心的旅游者交通碳足迹分析框架,从旅游者总人数、出行距离、交通方式类型等要素构建旅游者旅游线路交通碳排放计量模型,并提出了消费溯源、边界明确和区域共担三项旅游者交通碳排放计量原则.其次梳理了张家界旅游线路中各客源地的游客人数与比例,客源地到张家界的主要线路安排、交通工具使用、涵盖的旅游目的地等基础内容,最后计算了2 010年张家界线路旅游者交通碳足迹并绘制其空间分布图.研究发现,2010年张家界线路的旅游者交通碳足迹为5 442 839.93kg.其中,长沙、韶山、张家界和凤凰组成的黄金旅游线路占78.44％;芙蓉镇、常德、衡山、桂林、怀化、吉首、神农架、宜昌、凯里等同边其他旅游地占14.1％;武汉、天津、北京和上海等国内外重要旅游集散地占7.46％.整体呈现集中于湖南省内核心旅游目的地,辐射周边省份重要旅游目的地,涵盖北京、上海等重要旅游集散地的空间分布格局.
基于生命週期評價理論的碳足跡分析方法成為碳排放計量的重要方法之一.按照旅遊業“碳減排”的“計量-減排-補償”三步走的邏輯主線,其碳排放計量是其節能減排的第一步.旅遊作為一種因旅遊需求的近似性而引起的旅遊者集體性空間移動現象,是一種複雜的空間動態流,具有一定的方嚮性、流動規模、封閉性、不規則性、時空分佈等特點.旅遊者交通碳足跡研究將旅遊者從客源地-目的地-客源地的中觀呎度進行攷量,具有顯著的旅遊產業空間運動特徵,不僅可以突破現有不同呎度下碳排放研究的割裂,從點、線、麵整體認識旅遊者交通碳排放,而且可以更加深入地認識旅遊業碳排放的空間影響,同時也可以豐富旅遊業碳排放的計量理論與方法.本文以世界自然遺產地張傢界旅遊線路為研究對象,首先構建瞭客源地-目的地-客源地為覈心的旅遊者交通碳足跡分析框架,從旅遊者總人數、齣行距離、交通方式類型等要素構建旅遊者旅遊線路交通碳排放計量模型,併提齣瞭消費溯源、邊界明確和區域共擔三項旅遊者交通碳排放計量原則.其次梳理瞭張傢界旅遊線路中各客源地的遊客人數與比例,客源地到張傢界的主要線路安排、交通工具使用、涵蓋的旅遊目的地等基礎內容,最後計算瞭2 010年張傢界線路旅遊者交通碳足跡併繪製其空間分佈圖.研究髮現,2010年張傢界線路的旅遊者交通碳足跡為5 442 839.93kg.其中,長沙、韶山、張傢界和鳳凰組成的黃金旅遊線路佔78.44％;芙蓉鎮、常德、衡山、桂林、懷化、吉首、神農架、宜昌、凱裏等同邊其他旅遊地佔14.1％;武漢、天津、北京和上海等國內外重要旅遊集散地佔7.46％.整體呈現集中于湖南省內覈心旅遊目的地,輻射週邊省份重要旅遊目的地,涵蓋北京、上海等重要旅遊集散地的空間分佈格跼.
기우생명주기평개이론적탄족적분석방법성위탄배방계량적중요방법지일.안조여유업“탄감배”적“계량-감배-보상”삼보주적라집주선,기탄배방계량시기절능감배적제일보.여유작위일충인여유수구적근사성이인기적여유자집체성공간이동현상,시일충복잡적공간동태류,구유일정적방향성、류동규모、봉폐성、불규칙성、시공분포등특점.여유자교통탄족적연구장여유자종객원지-목적지-객원지적중관척도진행고량,구유현저적여유산업공간운동특정,불부가이돌파현유불동척도하탄배방연구적할렬,종점、선、면정체인식여유자교통탄배방,이차가이경가심입지인식여유업탄배방적공간영향,동시야가이봉부여유업탄배방적계량이론여방법.본문이세계자연유산지장가계여유선로위연구대상,수선구건료객원지-목적지-객원지위핵심적여유자교통탄족적분석광가,종여유자총인수、출행거리、교통방식류형등요소구건여유자여유선로교통탄배방계량모형,병제출료소비소원、변계명학화구역공담삼항여유자교통탄배방계량원칙.기차소리료장가계여유선로중각객원지적유객인수여비례,객원지도장가계적주요선로안배、교통공구사용、함개적여유목적지등기출내용,최후계산료2 010년장가계선로여유자교통탄족적병회제기공간분포도.연구발현,2010년장가계선로적여유자교통탄족적위5 442 839.93kg.기중,장사、소산、장가계화봉황조성적황금여유선로점78.44％;부용진、상덕、형산、계림、부화、길수、신농가、의창、개리등동변기타여유지점14.1％;무한、천진、북경화상해등국내외중요여유집산지점7.46％.정체정현집중우호남성내핵심여유목적지,복사주변성빈중요여유목적지,함개북경、상해등중요여유집산지적공간분포격국.
Carbon footprint analysis according to life cycle assessment （LCA） theory has been considered as an important method for carbon emission calculation. According to the logic of carbon emission reduction from measurement, reduction to netrulization, measuring carbon emissions of tourism industry was the first step. Tourism was not only a collectively spacial mobile phenomenon for tourists caused by the approximation of their tourism demand, but also a kind of spacial dynamic complex flow with characteristics of a certain direction, flow scale, closure, irregularality, space-time distribution. Resarch on tourists＇ transportation carbon footprint, which was a meso consideration from origins, destinations to origins, showing a significant spatial feature of tourism industry, broke through the isolation of carbon emission of tourism industry under different scales, wholely knew it from the point-line-surface, deeply stated the spatial impact of carbon emissions of tourism industry, and richened the theory and method of measuring carbon emissions of tourism industry. Firstly, this paper analyzed the framework for tourists＇ transportation carbon footprint from origins, destinations to origins, and the theoretical model from the total of tourists, travel distance and types of transportation, and the calculation principles including tracing to the source for the consumption, clearing the measure boundary, and sharing by all destinations in the itinerary. Secondly, it anlyzed tourism market segmentation, tourism itinerary arrangements, the use of transportation types, the number of destinations in each itinerary of Zhangjiajie. Then, it calculated tourists＇ transportation carbon footprint of Zhangjiajie as one of the world natural heritages in 2008, and finally depicted its spatial distribution. The findings showed that tourism itineraries＇ transportation carbon footprint of Zhangjiajie was 5,442,839.93 kg, in which the itinerary of Changsha-Shaoshan-Zhangjiajie-Fenghuang covered 78.44%, other neighbored tourism destinations reached 14. 1%, including Furongzhen, Changde, Hengshan, Guilin, Huaihua, Jishou, Shennongjia, Yichang, and Kaili, and important tourism transit destinations were 7. 46%, including Wuhan, Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai. Generally, tourists＇ transportation carbon footprint was concentrated in key tourism destinations in Hunan Province, was radiated to important tourism destinations in neighbored provinces, and covered in tourism transit destinations, Beijing, Shanghai, etc.
