CAJ | 학술논문

永顺老司城遗址从省级重点文物保护单位最终跻身于申报世界遗产行列,经历了长达五十三年的准备期。老司城遗址申遗个案表明：土司遗产走向申遗,主要是能够揭示价值、凸显价值、宣传价值和肯定价值。申遗准备的周期可以缩短,关键是要有效地整合地方考古、高校调研、权威媒体报道、大型会议肯定和政府的决心等五大优势。
영순로사성유지종성급중점문물보호단위최종제신우신보세계유산행렬,경력료장체오십삼년적준비기。로사성유지신유개안표명：토사유산주향신유,주요시능구게시개치、철현개치、선전개치화긍정개치。신유준비적주기가이축단,관건시요유효지정합지방고고、고교조연、권위매체보도、대형회의긍정화정부적결심등오대우세。
With the study of tusi（ native officials in imperial China） becoming a hot topic in recent years,tusi heritage has grabbed the attention of academic circles and government. However,there are no specific discussions yet on how to fast track for applying for World Heritage for tusi heritage towns. Hence,by taking Yongshun Old Tusi Town in Hunan as a case study,and relying on the historical facts of the discovery of the value of tusi heritage,this article tries to uncover the enigma of the Old Tusi Town from a process of five stages,including local archaeological excavation, universities＇ investigation and research,important media reports,large conferences organized by academic circles together with government,and the government＇ s final decision of applying for world heritage. This article tries to provide some effective service for applying for World Heritage status for tusi heritage in western China. 1. Revealing the value of tusi heritage through local archaeological excavation The Yongshun Old Tusi Town lies in Sicheng village of Lingxi township,19 kilometers to the east of Yongshun town in Hunan. It was the political,economic,military and cultural center of the Yongshun tusi and his predecessor,the cishi（ official title in imperial China） of Xizhou（ administrative division in imperial China） for more than 800 years. And,so,the area has many historical sites and cultural relics. Due to its rich historical heritage, since 1959,Yongshun Old Tusi Town has been inscribed on Hunan ＇ s list of Key Cultural Relic Protection Sites. Around 1962,due to the economic difficulties,the Old Tusi Town was seriously damaged. Therefore,the People＇ s Committee of Hunan Province issued a special document,and proposed three suggestions to protect the cultural relics of the Old Tusi Town. Although the government also paid attention to the protection of the Cultural Relics of the Old Tusi Town during that time,there were no further discussions about the value of the Old Tusi Town. It was not until 1995 that three large scale archaeological excavations took place in the Old Tusi Town. The stage of archaeological excavation is characterized by the following： Firstly,the duration of the excavations was long,and they covered a wide area. Secondly,the excavations were comprehensive,and they were clearly demarcated. These three large scale archaeological excavations have played a rolein the following two aspects： Firstly,they promoted the historical site＇ s position in China; and,secondly they helped circles of social scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the value of the Old Tusi Town from the archaeological reports. In the 2004 ＂Archaeological Excavation Report of Yongshun Old Tusi Town in West Hunan ＂（ xiangxi yongshun laosicheng kaogu fajue baogao）,the summary results of the three archaeological excavations clearly mentioned that ＂Yongshun Old Tusi Town,and its related historical sites,is one of the best and most completely preserved sites. If we do a detailed micro-study on it by combining of the data from history, ethnology and archaeology,we see that it plays an important role in the study of the history in the tusi period. ＂This reflects that the archaeologists＇ understanding of the value of the Old Tusi Town had already gone beyond simply one that ＂providedmaterial data for the research of the tusi system in the Tujia ethnic area＂to one that provided significant data for ＂researching ethnic relations,and ethnic cultures in the period of the tusi system＂. The large scale archaeological excavations are helpful for us to discover the value of the tusi heritage and promote its protection level. After a large amount of archaeological information was made public,many universities and research institutes who have specific scientific vision and strength started to involve themselves in the study of tusi heritage. 2. Revealing the value of tusi heritage through the research conducted by universities The inscription of the Old Tusi Town on the national list of key cultural relics protection units and the publication of the Archaeological Excavation Report of Yongshun Old Tusi Town in West Hunan raised the attention of Jishou University. In the autumn of 2004,Jishou University established the ＂China Tusi Historical and Cultural Research Center＂,and it was also announced that the Old Tusi Town would be an ethnology fieldwork base of Jishou University. This indicates that since 2004, Jishou University has set up an investigation platform of the Old Tusi Town. From July 17 to the early of August in 2005, the China Tusi Historical and Cultural Research Center of Jishou University organized fieldwork by taking the Old Tusi Town as the core. That investigation expanded the key archaeological area,added more archaeological investigation data,and improved the influence of the Old Tusi Town in domestic circles of social sciences. The content of the investigation included： 1） collecting oral history data; 2） collecting folk texts; 3） making rubbings of the stone tablets; and 4） archaeological mapping. The university＇ s setting up a research platform,conducting research and publishing their research findings have,to a certain degree,made up for the deficiency of the archaeological work carried out by governmental organizations. The research by the university can help the scholars all over the country recognize the value of tusi heritage so that it will also be highlighted in related disciplines. 3. Reporting the value of Tusi heritage by the powerful media From May to December of 2010,the People＇ s Government of Yongshun entrusted the Cultural Relics Archaeological Research Institute of Hunan Province to carry out a large scale archaeological excavation for the fourth time. The Old Tusi Town was not an unknown tusi heritage anymore. Hence,the excavation received a lot of attention from the public this time. More than 100 domestic media concentrated on the Yongshun Old Tusi Town and reported it to the public. Among them, the report published in Chinese Social Sciences Today（ zhongguo shehui kexue bao）,published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences（ CASS）, promoted the fame of the Old Tusi Town in the circles of Chinese social sciences due to its powerful platform and detailed report. The powerful media＇ s publicity of the value of the Old Tusi Town by providing specific report was helpful for the understanding of tusi heritage by more scholars and circles of social scientists,and it created a good environment for public discussion of tusi heritage and tusi culture. 4. Confirming the value of tusi heritage at large conferences organized by academic and governmental circles After the historical site of the Old Tusi Town was specially reported by Chinese Social Sciences Today,CASS,together with the office of the periodical Archaeology,sponsored a conference entitled ＂the Tenth Archaeological Forum of CASS ‘New Archaeological Discoveries in China＇＂. In the conference,Chai Huanbo,a research fellow from the Cultural Relics Archaeological Research Institute of Hunan,introduced the archaeological results of the historical site of the Old Tusi Town. He stated that ＂the Old Tusi Town is the largest and best preserved Tusi site in the Tujia ethnic regions in Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing andGuizhou＂,and that it ＂is a rare example for the study of China＇ s tusi system,the internal structure of tusi society and China＇ s urban development ＂. In this conference,the Old Tusi Town was appraised and elected as one of ＂the six archaeological discoveries in China＂. Since then,the local government has started to find ways to make an application for World Heritage for the historical site of the Old Tusi Town. After the Old Tusi Town＇ s application for World Heritage was agreed upon by the government, a seminar entitled ＂The First Conference of China ＇ s Tusi System and Ethnic Culture＂was held in Yonghsun county. From August 20 to 24,2010,the Frontier History and Geography Research Center of CASS,Jishou