江汉考古
江漢攷古
강한고고
Jianghan Archaeology
2014年
1期
54~64
,共null页
商周之际 编列小铙 编列甬钟 编列组合 器用制度
商週之際 編列小鐃 編列甬鐘 編列組閤 器用製度
상주지제 편렬소뇨 편렬용종 편렬조합 기용제도
the period from late Shang to early Zhou, the serial small Nao-cymbal, the serial Yong- bell, combination, the system of bronze using
作为商周之际青铜编列乐器的核心，编列小铙与编列甬钟一废一兴，虽有短暂重合，但总体趋势却是前后相继，甬钟替代了小铙。小铙的器主以殷商贵族及殷遗民为多，未发现姬姓周人使用编列小铙。周初姬姓贵族使用甬钟晚于非姬姓贵族。晚商编列小铙与最早的编列甬钟皆以三枚为列组基数，虽偶有增益，但仍不违三枚一组的基数原则。甬钟在编列方式上完全承袭了编列小铙的组合方式。从墓中的摆放位置来看，编列小铙与甬钟多被摆放在墓葬棺椁之间，且以墓主头脚两端最为多见。作为一种新器形，不排除甬钟在南方被发明的可能；但作为一种丧葬制度，编列甬钟则继承了殷商小铙编列制度。商周之际存在特磬、特镩或与特殊铜铃编列小铙、甬钟相配的情况，但没有较严格的成例。编列甬钟与其他乐器规制配列当在西周中期以后。
作為商週之際青銅編列樂器的覈心，編列小鐃與編列甬鐘一廢一興，雖有短暫重閤，但總體趨勢卻是前後相繼，甬鐘替代瞭小鐃。小鐃的器主以慇商貴族及慇遺民為多，未髮現姬姓週人使用編列小鐃。週初姬姓貴族使用甬鐘晚于非姬姓貴族。晚商編列小鐃與最早的編列甬鐘皆以三枚為列組基數，雖偶有增益，但仍不違三枚一組的基數原則。甬鐘在編列方式上完全承襲瞭編列小鐃的組閤方式。從墓中的襬放位置來看，編列小鐃與甬鐘多被襬放在墓葬棺槨之間，且以墓主頭腳兩耑最為多見。作為一種新器形，不排除甬鐘在南方被髮明的可能；但作為一種喪葬製度，編列甬鐘則繼承瞭慇商小鐃編列製度。商週之際存在特磬、特镩或與特殊銅鈴編列小鐃、甬鐘相配的情況，但沒有較嚴格的成例。編列甬鐘與其他樂器規製配列噹在西週中期以後。
작위상주지제청동편렬악기적핵심，편렬소뇨여편렬용종일폐일흥，수유단잠중합，단총체추세각시전후상계，용종체대료소뇨。소뇨적기주이은상귀족급은유민위다，미발현희성주인사용편렬소뇨。주초희성귀족사용용종만우비희성귀족。만상편렬소뇨여최조적편렬용종개이삼매위렬조기수，수우유증익，단잉불위삼매일조적기수원칙。용종재편렬방식상완전승습료편렬소뇨적조합방식。종묘중적파방위치래간，편렬소뇨여용종다피파방재묘장관곽지간，차이묘주두각량단최위다견。작위일충신기형，불배제용종재남방피발명적가능；단작위일충상장제도，편렬용종칙계승료은상소뇨편렬제도。상주지제존재특경、특찬혹여특수동령편렬소뇨、용종상배적정황，단몰유교엄격적성례。편렬용종여기타악기규제배렬당재서주중기이후。
The serial small Nao-cymbal and the serial Yong-bell, as the core bronze musical instru- ments, prospered from late Shang to early Zhou in succession. A majority of the small Nao-cymbal＇s owner are noblemen or adherents of the Shang, while none of them are the Zhou people. The use of the Yong-bell in the Ji Clan is later than the others in early Zhou period. The numbers of the two serial bron- zes are both three in principle, since the serial Yong-bell inherited the combination tradition of the serial Nao-cymbal. Both of them were set between the inner coffin and the outer coffin, mostly at the head or the feet of the tomb owner. As a new musical instrument, the Yong-bell is probably invented in the South, while as a funeral system, the serial Yong-bell inherited from the serial small Nao-cymbal of the Shang. Besides, the two serials instruments may also form a group, together with the single Qing-stone- chime, the single Bo-bell or the special Ling-bell, in the period from late Shang to early Zhou.
