CAJ | 학술논문

文章从明代戏曲创腔体制、明清之际家乐戏班传承方式变迁等方面，探讨工尺谱在当时戏曲音乐传承中的作用，及其首调唱名法的确立时代与原因。笔者认为，明代戏曲以“腔句”为主要特征的创曲方法，使工尺记谱在明代戏班的1：2传心授过程中并非绝对必需。随着清以来家乐戏班衰亡，依字行腔、词乐曲唱传统失落，工尺谱字成为记录昆腔旋律的必要手段，催生大量以首调唱名为主体的词乐宫谱。从本质上讲，清初以来工尺谱堂而皇之步入戏曲领域，源自戏曲传承实践变迁引发的记录形式新需求，工尺谱在戏曲传承中仍发挥唱腔“备忘录”作用。明代戏曲中的格律谱、清代使用的工尺谱，乃至人们对唱腔工尺谱首调唱名的选择，都与音乐襄涫和传承实践密切相关．
문장종명대희곡창강체제、명청지제가악희반전승방식변천등방면，탐토공척보재당시희곡음악전승중적작용，급기수조창명법적학립시대여원인。필자인위，명대희곡이“강구”위주요특정적창곡방법，사공척기보재명대희반적1：2전심수과정중병비절대필수。수착청이래가악희반쇠망，의자행강、사악곡창전통실락，공척보자성위기록곤강선률적필요수단，최생대량이수조창명위주체적사악궁보。종본질상강，청초이래공척보당이황지보입희곡영역，원자희곡전승실천변천인발적기록형식신수구，공척보재희곡전승중잉발휘창강“비망록”작용。명대희곡중적격률보、청대사용적공척보，내지인문대창강공척보수조창명적선택，도여음악양관화전승실천밀절상관．
Based on the music creation and music transmission systems of the family owned Chinese opera troupes in Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper discusses the role that Gongche notation played in the transmission of Chi- nese opera music. The author argues that Gongche notation was not absolutely necessary for the family owned Opera troupes in the Ming dynasty when oral transmission was popular. Gongche notation became widely used after Qing dynasty when used for notating Kunshan Opera music, which creates a large number of Gongche notation scores u- sing movable - do solf~ge. Gongche notation gained significant popularity in Chinese Opera practice in the early Qing dynasty in order to meet the changes of transmission patterns of Chinese opera music. The development of Gongche notation and the formation of its movable - do solf~ge were all closely related to the music performance and transmission practices throughout history.