教育与经济
教育與經濟
교육여경제
Education & Economy
2014年
1期
46~52
,共null页
大学毕业生 农村籍 城市籍 就业获得
大學畢業生 農村籍 城市籍 就業穫得
대학필업생 농촌적 성시적 취업획득
college graduates; rural students; urban students; employment attainment
本研究使用中国综合社会调查CGSS2008年数据探讨了农村籍大学毕业生与城市籍大学毕业生就业获得差异。研究发现：（1）更高比例城市籍毕业生进入党政机关以及主管单位为中央／省级的单位工作。2000年之后，城市籍毕业生选择自雇的比例显著高于农村籍毕业生；（2）绝大多数城市籍和农村籍毕业生选择在城市特别是大城市就业，选择去乡镇、农村就业的比例越来越少，但是选择回农村或乡镇就业的农村籍毕业生比例高于城市籍毕业生；（3）2000级以前，农村籍毕业生全年职业收入高于城市籍毕业生。但是2000级以后，城市籍毕业生全年职业收入超过了农村籍大毕业生；（4）农村籍毕业生与城市籍毕业生在劳动合同签订、养老保险和医疗保险等工作保障上没有显著差异。本研究还进一步分析了造成农村籍毕业生和城市籍毕业生就业获得差异的原因，发现社会资本（特别是先赋社会资本）以及人力资本差异（毕业于不同层次大学）是造成两者就业获得差异的主要原因。
本研究使用中國綜閤社會調查CGSS2008年數據探討瞭農村籍大學畢業生與城市籍大學畢業生就業穫得差異。研究髮現：（1）更高比例城市籍畢業生進入黨政機關以及主管單位為中央／省級的單位工作。2000年之後，城市籍畢業生選擇自僱的比例顯著高于農村籍畢業生；（2）絕大多數城市籍和農村籍畢業生選擇在城市特彆是大城市就業，選擇去鄉鎮、農村就業的比例越來越少，但是選擇迴農村或鄉鎮就業的農村籍畢業生比例高于城市籍畢業生；（3）2000級以前，農村籍畢業生全年職業收入高于城市籍畢業生。但是2000級以後，城市籍畢業生全年職業收入超過瞭農村籍大畢業生；（4）農村籍畢業生與城市籍畢業生在勞動閤同籤訂、養老保險和醫療保險等工作保障上沒有顯著差異。本研究還進一步分析瞭造成農村籍畢業生和城市籍畢業生就業穫得差異的原因，髮現社會資本（特彆是先賦社會資本）以及人力資本差異（畢業于不同層次大學）是造成兩者就業穫得差異的主要原因。
본연구사용중국종합사회조사CGSS2008년수거탐토료농촌적대학필업생여성시적대학필업생취업획득차이。연구발현：（1）경고비례성시적필업생진입당정궤관이급주관단위위중앙／성급적단위공작。2000년지후，성시적필업생선택자고적비례현저고우농촌적필업생；（2）절대다수성시적화농촌적필업생선택재성시특별시대성시취업，선택거향진、농촌취업적비례월래월소，단시선택회농촌혹향진취업적농촌적필업생비례고우성시적필업생；（3）2000급이전，농촌적필업생전년직업수입고우성시적필업생。단시2000급이후，성시적필업생전년직업수입초과료농촌적대필업생；（4）농촌적필업생여성시적필업생재노동합동첨정、양로보험화의료보험등공작보장상몰유현저차이。본연구환진일보분석료조성농촌적필업생화성시적필업생취업획득차이적원인，발현사회자본（특별시선부사회자본）이급인력자본차이（필업우불동층차대학）시조성량자취업획득차이적주요원인。
With the data from Chinese General Social Survey （CGSS 2008）, this article examines the differences of employment attainment between college students from rural and urban areas. The results show as follows： （1） the proportion of urban college students who enter party and government organs is higher than that of rural college students. The same trend happens with college students who enter the organizations directed by the central and provincial government departments. Meanwhile, we find that the proportion of urban college students who are self-employed has been higher than that of rural college students since 2000;（2） Although the great majority of rural and urban college students choose to work in cities, the proportion of rural college students who choose to work in countryside is higher than that of urban college students; （3） annual employment income of rural college students had been higher than that of urban college students before 2000. But after 2000, this trend reversed; （4） there are no significant differences between rural and urban college students in labor contract signing, endowment and medical insurance. The root of differences between rural and urban college students in employment attainment lies with different family social capital and human capital.
