CAJ | 학술논문

《启蒙辩证法》的理论重心在于通过对自我保存理性的批判来揭示理性与权力之间的内在关联。它一方面对自我保存理性的三重不同内涵进行了精细梳理，另一方面又明确指出，以支配自然为目的的自我保存理性具有致命的内在缺陷。它在成就人相对于自然的主体性地位的同时，彻底切断了人与自然、人与他人和人与自身之间的具体联系。此种意义上的自我保存理性必然被实现为两种不同形式的社会统治。在垄断资本主义的条件下，它之所以会沦为权力的纯粹工具，是因为其在根本上只是一种纯粹的自然力量。通过对自我保存理性的批判，《启蒙辩证法》揭示出了道德理性在现代文明中的彻底缺失，而这一问题依然是摆在当代批判理论面前的最大难题。
《계몽변증법》적이론중심재우통과대자아보존이성적비판래게시이성여권력지간적내재관련。타일방면대자아보존이성적삼중불동내함진행료정세소리，령일방면우명학지출，이지배자연위목적적자아보존이성구유치명적내재결함。타재성취인상대우자연적주체성지위적동시，철저절단료인여자연、인여타인화인여자신지간적구체련계。차충의의상적자아보존이성필연피실현위량충불동형식적사회통치。재롱단자본주의적조건하，타지소이회륜위권력적순수공구，시인위기재근본상지시일충순수적자연역량。통과대자아보존이성적비판，《계몽변증법》게시출료도덕이성재현대문명중적철저결실，이저일문제의연시파재당대비판이론면전적최대난제。
In the Chinese acceptance of Horkheimer and Adorno＇s Dialectic of Enlightenment, the most difficult question has always been how to understand the concrete content and the important meaning of its criticism of the reason of self-preservation. In this paper, it is pointed out that the core of the whole criticism lies in the analysis of the inherent relationship between the reason of self-preservation and the modern social domination. About their criticism of the reason of self-preservation, this paper has particularly discussed the multiple dimensions of the reason of self-preservation, the inherent defection of the reason of self-preservation and the different relations between it and the two different forms of social domination within the capitalist society. Based on this, it is argued that the main contribution of Dialectic of Enlightenment just lies in its deep insight about the mutual mediation of reason and power within the modern society. Through the critique of the reason of self-preservation, it has provided a very good perspective to understand how reason could have been degraded into the pure instrument of power.