中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2014年
3期
169~176
,共null页
空气污染 健康损失 修正人力资本法 北京
空氣汙染 健康損失 脩正人力資本法 北京
공기오염 건강손실 수정인력자본법 북경
air pollution; health damage; corrected human capital method; Beijing
本文运用修正人力资本法评估了201 1年北京市空气污染导致过早死亡的经济损失.在剂量-反应模型建立上,新加入了温度、湿度和饮食模式三种自变量,并且采用样条平滑函数对变量数值进行前期处理,以增加计算结果的准确度.研究表明,北京市可吸入颗粒污染致死人数占空气污染物排放全部死亡人数的约60％,是城镇居民健康的最大威胁.2011年北京市空气污染物排放导致的健康损害经济价值为60 394.55万元,其中,心血管疾病潜在寿命损失值为42 683.09万元,呼吸系统疾病潜在寿命损失值为17 711.46万元.朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区是北京市空气污染最为严重的地区,由此造成的健康损失值也最高;延庆、怀柔、密云地区受污染情况及造成的健康经济损失相对最低.老年人是构成心血管疾病早逝健康损失的主要人群,儿童是构成呼吸系统疾病的早逝健康损失的主要人群.为有效减轻大气污染物对北京市居民健康威胁,本文提出了相应政策建议.
本文運用脩正人力資本法評估瞭201 1年北京市空氣汙染導緻過早死亡的經濟損失.在劑量-反應模型建立上,新加入瞭溫度、濕度和飲食模式三種自變量,併且採用樣條平滑函數對變量數值進行前期處理,以增加計算結果的準確度.研究錶明,北京市可吸入顆粒汙染緻死人數佔空氣汙染物排放全部死亡人數的約60％,是城鎮居民健康的最大威脅.2011年北京市空氣汙染物排放導緻的健康損害經濟價值為60 394.55萬元,其中,心血管疾病潛在壽命損失值為42 683.09萬元,呼吸繫統疾病潛在壽命損失值為17 711.46萬元.朝暘區、海澱區、豐檯區是北京市空氣汙染最為嚴重的地區,由此造成的健康損失值也最高;延慶、懷柔、密雲地區受汙染情況及造成的健康經濟損失相對最低.老年人是構成心血管疾病早逝健康損失的主要人群,兒童是構成呼吸繫統疾病的早逝健康損失的主要人群.為有效減輕大氣汙染物對北京市居民健康威脅,本文提齣瞭相應政策建議.
본문운용수정인력자본법평고료201 1년북경시공기오염도치과조사망적경제손실.재제량-반응모형건립상,신가입료온도、습도화음식모식삼충자변량,병차채용양조평활함수대변량수치진행전기처리,이증가계산결과적준학도.연구표명,북경시가흡입과립오염치사인수점공기오염물배방전부사망인수적약60％,시성진거민건강적최대위협.2011년북경시공기오염물배방도치적건강손해경제개치위60 394.55만원,기중,심혈관질병잠재수명손실치위42 683.09만원,호흡계통질병잠재수명손실치위17 711.46만원.조양구、해정구、봉태구시북경시공기오염최위엄중적지구,유차조성적건강손실치야최고;연경、부유、밀운지구수오염정황급조성적건강경제손실상대최저.노년인시구성심혈관질병조서건강손실적주요인군,인동시구성호흡계통질병적조서건강손실적주요인군.위유효감경대기오염물대북경시거민건강위협,본문제출료상응정책건의.
This paper evaluates the premature death losses by air pollution in Beijing in 2011 based on corrected human capital method.Three new independent variables （temperature,humidity and eating habits） are added in the dose-response model.At the same time,the spline smoothing function is used to process the variable values in the previous stage so as to improve the result accuracy.The results show that the number of the death stemmed from respirable suspended particles in Beijing accounts for about 60％ of all deaths caused by air pollution,implying that respirable suspended particles is the biggest threat to urban residents＇ health.In 2011,the health losses caused by air pollutants in Beijing were 603.946 million RMB,among which,the potential life losses resulted from cardiovascular disease were 426.831 million RMB,losses from respiratory system disease were 177.115 million RMB.Chaoyang,Fengtai,and Haidian are the most serious air polluted districts and sustained the greatest health losses.The air pollution in Yanqing,Huairou,and Miyun was relatively light and the health losses therefore were the smallest.The elderly and children were the major factors of economic losses led by cardiovascular disease death and respiratory diseases death respectively.To effectively reduce air pollution threats in Beijing,this paper provides policy suggestions in the last section.
