CAJ | 학술논문

本研究根据音乐和语言的层级结构，从各个加工阶段出发，探讨音乐和语言的关系。具体而言，我们对已有的音乐与语言的元分析结果进行对比，并在此基础上探讨了音乐和语言在神经基础上的异同。结果表明，语音分析与音乐加工的重合发生在听觉-运动环路，与音程分析的重合节点在左侧中央前回，与结构分析的在左侧额盖区；语义分析与音乐加工的重合发生在核心环路，重合节点分别是左侧颞上回和左侧额下回（音程分析），以及右侧额下回（结构分析）；句子分析和音乐知觉的重合发生在认知-情绪环路中的右侧脑岛。此结果暗示了音乐旋律分析与词义加工的关系可能是音乐语言共享神经基础的核心部分。同时，分别计算音乐两层级与语言簇的重合率发现，音程分析和语言加工重合更多，在大脑左侧有50%重合，而结构分析与语言加工重合较少，在大脑双侧分别只有7%和14%重合，暗示了在较为低层级的加工阶段，音乐和语言更可能存在共享的神经基础，而在更为高层级的加工阶段，二者更多地表现出各自独特的特点。
본연구근거음악화어언적층급결구，종각개가공계단출발，탐토음악화어언적관계。구체이언，아문대이유적음악여어언적원분석결과진행대비，병재차기출상탐토료음악화어언재신경기출상적이동。결과표명，어음분석여음악가공적중합발생재은각-운동배로，여음정분석적중합절점재좌측중앙전회，여결구분석적재좌측액개구；어의분석여음악가공적중합발생재핵심배로，중합절점분별시좌측섭상회화좌측액하회（음정분석），이급우측액하회（결구분석）；구자분석화음악지각적중합발생재인지-정서배로중적우측뇌도。차결과암시료음악선률분석여사의가공적관계가능시음악어언공향신경기출적핵심부분。동시，분별계산음악량층급여어언족적중합솔발현，음정분석화어언가공중합경다，재대뇌좌측유50%중합，이결구분석여어언가공중합교소，재대뇌쌍측분별지유7%화14%중합，암시료재교위저층급적가공계단，음악화어언경가능존재공향적신경기출，이재경위고층급적가공계단，이자경다지표현출각자독특적특점。
Music and language are arguably the most characteristic traits of human beings. On one hand, previous functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies have identified multiple cortical regions that are involved in the processing of both music and language, suggesting shared neural substrate for music and language. On the other hand, neuropsychological studies on brain-lesioned patients show the double dissociation between music and language, suggesting distinct neural substrates for music and language respectively. Here we used meta-analysis to examine the relation of the neural basis underlying music and language. 〈br〉 First, we adopted the data from three meta-analysis studies on music and language respectively. Specifically, for the neural substrate of music, we focused on two processing levels specific to music processing, which were interval analysis （15 contrasts and 63 peaks） and structure analysis （19 contrasts and 217 peaks）（Lai, Xu, Song,＆amp;Liu, 2013）. For the neural substrate of language, three processing levels specific to language processing were selected, which were phonological analysis （86 contrasts and 344 peaks）, lexico-semantic analysis （111contrasts and 339 peaks）, and sentence analysis （65 contrasts and 218 peaks）（Vigneau et al., 2006;Vigneau et al., 2011）. Second, we projected these peak activation elicited by processing either music or language onto the MNI （Montreal Neurological Institute） space to visualize the distribution of cortical regions involved in music and language with Caret. Finally, to explore the relation of neural substrates underlying music and language, we calculated whether pairs of peak activation were spatially overlapped or dissociated by K-means clustering and multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVA）. The overlapping rate was estimated to quantify the extent to which music and language shared common neural substrates. 〈br〉 We finally found 11 pairs of overlapping clusters. Music and language shared neural substrates at all levels of processing tested. Specially, the overlapped clusters from phonological processing of language and music perception were mainly in the auditory-motor loop, the overlapped clusters from semantic processing and music perception were in core loop, and the overlapped clusters of sentence processing and music were in cognition-emotion loop. In addition, the neural substrate underlying interval analysis of music overlapped with that underlying language processing as much as 50% in left hemisphere, which was mainly in the left superior temporal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and right insular. The neural substrate underlying structure analysis of music overlapped with that underlying language processing as much as 7%and 14%in the left and right hemisphere respectively, which was mainly in left Rolandic operculum, right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and right insular. 〈br〉 In sum, our study illuminates the functionality of the distinct and shared neural substrates underlying music and language. That is, for lower-level processes, such as interval analysis, phonological analysis and lexico-semantic analysis, music and language are more likely to share the same neural substrate in auditory analysis, auditory-motor integration and working memory. By contrast, for higher-level processes, especially in the structure analysis and sentence analysis, the neural substrate underlying music is more likely distinct from that underlying language. Models were proposed to illustrate the distinct and shared neural mechanisms underlying music and language, which invites future studies on the relation between music and language.