管理工程学报
管理工程學報
관리공정학보
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
2014年
1期
48~55
,共null页
孙笑明 崔文田 崔芳 董劲威
孫笑明 崔文田 崔芳 董勁威
손소명 최문전 최방 동경위
关键研发者 合作网络 创造力 专利 负二项回归
關鍵研髮者 閤作網絡 創造力 專利 負二項迴歸
관건연발자 합작망락 창조력 전리 부이항회귀
key inventor; collaborative network; creativity; patent; negative binomial regression
以往文献对关键研发者创造力的研究很少.本文区分了关键研发者和一般研发者,并利用国内10家主要家电企业的发明型和实用新型专利数据研究了212名关键研发者当前合作网络结构的局部和整体上的优势对其创造力的影响.本文所提出的假设认为当前网络的局部特征,即结构洞的数量,以及当前网络的全局特征,即中间中心度和间接连接数量均会对关键研发者的创造力产生显著正向影响;同时,还认为中间中心度对间接连接数量与关键研发者创造力之间的关系有着显著的正向调节作用,固定效应负二项回归模型的分析结果支持了这些假设.此外,研究还发现,相比于改进性创新,当进行探索性创新时,当前间接连接可以显著提高关键研发者的创造力.文章随后对这些结果进行了进一步探讨分析,并点明其对于企业创新管理者的参考价值和意义.最后,本文还分析了该模型的不足之处以及未来的研究方向.
以往文獻對關鍵研髮者創造力的研究很少.本文區分瞭關鍵研髮者和一般研髮者,併利用國內10傢主要傢電企業的髮明型和實用新型專利數據研究瞭212名關鍵研髮者噹前閤作網絡結構的跼部和整體上的優勢對其創造力的影響.本文所提齣的假設認為噹前網絡的跼部特徵,即結構洞的數量,以及噹前網絡的全跼特徵,即中間中心度和間接連接數量均會對關鍵研髮者的創造力產生顯著正嚮影響;同時,還認為中間中心度對間接連接數量與關鍵研髮者創造力之間的關繫有著顯著的正嚮調節作用,固定效應負二項迴歸模型的分析結果支持瞭這些假設.此外,研究還髮現,相比于改進性創新,噹進行探索性創新時,噹前間接連接可以顯著提高關鍵研髮者的創造力.文章隨後對這些結果進行瞭進一步探討分析,併點明其對于企業創新管理者的參攷價值和意義.最後,本文還分析瞭該模型的不足之處以及未來的研究方嚮.
이왕문헌대관건연발자창조력적연구흔소.본문구분료관건연발자화일반연발자,병이용국내10가주요가전기업적발명형화실용신형전리수거연구료212명관건연발자당전합작망락결구적국부화정체상적우세대기창조력적영향.본문소제출적가설인위당전망락적국부특정,즉결구동적수량,이급당전망락적전국특정,즉중간중심도화간접련접수량균회대관건연발자적창조력산생현저정향영향;동시,환인위중간중심도대간접련접수량여관건연발자창조력지간적관계유착현저적정향조절작용,고정효응부이항회귀모형적분석결과지지료저사가설.차외,연구환발현,상비우개진성창신,당진행탐색성창신시,당전간접련접가이현저제고관건연발자적창조력.문장수후대저사결과진행료진일보탐토분석,병점명기대우기업창신관리자적삼고개치화의의.최후,본문환분석료해모형적불족지처이급미래적연구방향.
According to the 80-20 rule,a few persons play influential roles in the decision making process.The success of knowledge intensive enterprises in competition primarily depends on creative talents.In this article,we define these outstanding people as key inventors who are so creative that they drive R&D projects,make technical breakthroughs and generate a large number of patents.Key inventor management is an important topic in the area of human resource management.If key inventors can be supported properly,firms will greatly benefit from their innovative activities.Although previous literatures have widely investigated factors on the creativity of common inventors and the identification of key inventors,the questions about whether some casual links exist between current network structures and key inventors' creativity have not been explored.Understanding these relationships can not only contribute to our theoretical and empirical knowledge about key inventors' innovation activities,but also yields practical implications for managing their creativity as well as building effcient and effective R&D teams.In the first section,we theoretically differentiate key inventors from common employees.We further propose that the local and global characteristics of collaborative networks,as well as the number of current indirect connections would play significant and positive roles on key inventors' creativity.At the same time,this article also assumes that current betweenness centrality would positively moderate the relationship between current indirect ties and key inventors' creativity.The bigger the current betweenness centrality,the more benefits key inventors would gain from current indirect ties.This set of hypotheses systematically deduces the casual links between current network structures and key inventors' super creativity.In order to test these hypotheses,we examine how local and global advantages of 212 key inventors' current network attributes affect their creativity by using both invention and utility patent data from 10 major domestic appliance enterprises.Key inventors are identified by the ranking of patenting output.For instance,inventors who develop more than 10 patents and are among the best of the first 40 candidates in their firms are selected.We only focus on appliance firms because they belong to one of the most mature technical industries in China.Due to intensive competition,they always resort to patents for protecting intellectual property.To make our model more robust,the potential influence of past networks is also included and strictly controlled.As a result,fixed-effect negative binomial regression models support these hypotheses.Moreover,the additional regression analysis also demonstrates that current indirect ties work much differently according to the two types of innovations within firms:exploratory and incremental innovation.Exploratory innovation needs to absorb novel knowledge.Incremental innovation primarily uses the existing experience and knowledge.More specifically,while current indirect ties are positively correlated with key inventors' creativity under the condition of exploratory innovation (i.e.key inventors generate invention patents) the effect of them completely disappears when we include them in the model with incremental innovations (i.e.key inventors produce utility patents).Therefore,for key inventors we argue that current indirect ties are much more important for exploratory innovation than incremental innovation.These results make a great sense for the use of current indirect ties.The findings of this study provide managerial implications for managers in charge of enterprise innovation.