北方法学
北方法學
북방법학
NORTHERN LEGAL SCIENCE
2014年
2期
132~138
,共null页
霍布斯 身体宪法哲学 自然权利 契约 主权
霍佈斯 身體憲法哲學 自然權利 契約 主權
곽포사 신체헌법철학 자연권리 계약 주권
Hobbes body constitutional philosophy natural fights contract sovereignty
面对古典“灵魂宪法哲学”所造成的秩序混乱,霍布斯从身体出发对宪法本性进行新的探求。宪法哲学的道德基础是自我保存的自然权利,它根源于对暴死的恐惧。原初的宪法是契约,契约来自立约人的意志,经过“代表”的伟大虚构,它实质上来自于主权者的意志。主权者的意志体现是法律,它规定了主权者和公民的基本权利义务关系。由霍布斯奠定的现代宪法哲学放弃追求有德性的生活,求取生命的保存、身体的自由和舒适。由于古典公民德性的缺失,现代人的身体面临着被国家权力既保护又专制的命运。
麵對古典“靈魂憲法哲學”所造成的秩序混亂,霍佈斯從身體齣髮對憲法本性進行新的探求。憲法哲學的道德基礎是自我保存的自然權利,它根源于對暴死的恐懼。原初的憲法是契約,契約來自立約人的意誌,經過“代錶”的偉大虛構,它實質上來自于主權者的意誌。主權者的意誌體現是法律,它規定瞭主權者和公民的基本權利義務關繫。由霍佈斯奠定的現代憲法哲學放棄追求有德性的生活,求取生命的保存、身體的自由和舒適。由于古典公民德性的缺失,現代人的身體麵臨著被國傢權力既保護又專製的命運。
면대고전“령혼헌법철학”소조성적질서혼란,곽포사종신체출발대헌법본성진행신적탐구。헌법철학적도덕기출시자아보존적자연권리,타근원우대폭사적공구。원초적헌법시계약,계약래자립약인적의지,경과“대표”적위대허구,타실질상래자우주권자적의지。주권자적의지체현시법률,타규정료주권자화공민적기본권리의무관계。유곽포사전정적현대헌법철학방기추구유덕성적생활,구취생명적보존、신체적자유화서괄。유우고전공민덕성적결실,현대인적신체면림착피국가권력기보호우전제적명운。
In dealing with the chaos caused by the classical "soul constitutional philosophy", Hobbes ventured a new course to the nature of constitution from the bodily perspective. The moral basis of constitution- al philosophy is the natural fight for self - preservation which is rooted from fear of violent death. Contract is the primitive form of constitution, which is initiated by the will of contractors, forged and veiled through "rep- resentation" but in nature it reveals the will of sovereignty. And the will of sovereignty is realized by laws, which stipulate the relation of basic fights and obligations between sovereignty and citizens. By discarding a virtuous life, modem philosophy, paved by Hobbes, pursues preservation of life and the liberty and comfort- ableness of body. In the absence of classical civic virtue, modem people are in a fate where their body are both protected and manipulated by the sovereignty.