CAJ | 학술논문

宋代官方的救荒措施，可分为赈济、赈贷和赈粜。赈济主要是对大灾、特大灾年导致流离失所的流民和灾歉时城乡贫困户及鳏寡孤独病残人群的救助措施；赈贷一般多是在灾害发生后的恢复阶段，在这一阶段如是冬春青黄不接之际，受灾民众的生产和生活难以为继而需要救助；赈粜是通过平抑粮价达到救助灾民的一种方法，亦即常平法的基本职能，其对象主要是家中无粮食积蓄的下层民众。赈济、赈贷和赈粜的粮食来源，属中小灾的，一般由州级路级地方官府主持，从常平仓和义仓调拨粮食，或置场籴买。大灾、特大灾则主要由中央官府调集粮食和筹措资金。
송대관방적구황조시，가분위진제、진대화진조。진제주요시대대재、특대재년도치류리실소적류민화재겸시성향빈곤호급환과고독병잔인군적구조조시；진대일반다시재재해발생후적회복계단，재저일계단여시동춘청황불접지제，수재민음적생산화생활난이위계이수요구조；진조시통과평억량개체도구조재민적일충방법，역즉상평법적기본직능，기대상주요시가중무양식적축적하층민음。진제、진대화진조적양식래원，속중소재적，일반유주급로급지방관부주지，종상평창화의창조발양식，혹치장적매。대재、특대재칙주요유중앙관부조집양식화주조자금。
T he authoritative famine relief measures in the Song Dynasty can be divided into Zhenji , Zhendai and Zhentiao . Zhenji mainly aimed at refugees w ho became destitute and homeless in massive disasters as well as urban and rural residents in poverty , widowers , widows , orphans and childless couples in bad harvest . Zhendai was generally issued in recovery period after disasters , for example , between two harvests , food shortage made it difficult for people to produce and live . Zhentiao was a measure of stabilizing the price of grain to succor victims , which was also the fundamental function of Changpingfa ,as mainly targeted the unwashed mass without grain savings . Generally speaking , local government was in charge of the food source of Zhenji , Zhendai and Zhentiao after medium and minimal disasters , by allotting grain from Changpingcang and Yicang or buying food in market w hile central government assembled grain and raised money when massive and tremendous disaster came .