心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2014年
2期
335~341
,共null页
心理虐待 情绪面孔 点探测任务 注意偏向
心理虐待 情緒麵孔 點探測任務 註意偏嚮
심리학대 정서면공 점탐측임무 주의편향
psychological maltreatment, facial expression, dot - probe task, attentional bias
目的 探讨童年期心理虐待对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响。方法 使用儿童心理虐待量表，筛选童年期受心理虐待者18人，对照组19人，采用点探测任务，以成对情绪面孔为实验材料，考查童年期心理虐待对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响。 结果 以反应时为指标得出组别、面孔性质及一致性交互作用显著，在探测点位置与面孔不一致时，心理虐待组对消极面孔的反应时长于积极面孔。以注意偏向分数为指标发现组别和面孔性质交互作用显著，心理虐待组对消极面孔的注意偏向分数高于控制组。 结论 童年期心理虐待对情绪面孔注意偏向存在影响。
目的 探討童年期心理虐待對情緒麵孔註意偏嚮的影響。方法 使用兒童心理虐待量錶，篩選童年期受心理虐待者18人，對照組19人，採用點探測任務，以成對情緒麵孔為實驗材料，攷查童年期心理虐待對情緒麵孔註意偏嚮的影響。 結果 以反應時為指標得齣組彆、麵孔性質及一緻性交互作用顯著，在探測點位置與麵孔不一緻時，心理虐待組對消極麵孔的反應時長于積極麵孔。以註意偏嚮分數為指標髮現組彆和麵孔性質交互作用顯著，心理虐待組對消極麵孔的註意偏嚮分數高于控製組。 結論 童年期心理虐待對情緒麵孔註意偏嚮存在影響。
목적 탐토동년기심리학대대정서면공주의편향적영향。방법 사용인동심리학대량표，사선동년기수심리학대자18인，대조조19인，채용점탐측임무，이성대정서면공위실험재료，고사동년기심리학대대정서면공주의편향적영향。 결과 이반응시위지표득출조별、면공성질급일치성교호작용현저，재탐측점위치여면공불일치시，심리학대조대소겁면공적반응시장우적겁면공。이주의편향분수위지표발현조별화면공성질교호작용현저，심리학대조대소겁면공적주의편향분수고우공제조。 결론 동년기심리학대대정서면공주의편향존재영향。
Purposes： Psychological maltreatment is one of the most common yet often underrecognized forms of child abuse. It has a negative impact on the development of children’s body and mind, but the mechanisms of psychological abuse and the development of children are unknown. So the main object of this study was to explore the attentional bias for facial expression of the adults with childhood history of psychological maltreatment. Methods： Cluster sampling was applied in this study while 390 college students were chosen from Harbin Normal University. The Child Psychological Maltreatment Scale was tested in this investigation and 376 valid questionnaires were received. Then 18 students （8 male and 10 female） with psychological maltreatment and 19 students （8 male and 11 female） without psychological maltreatment were selected to take part in the dot-probe task experiment. The stimuli in the dot-probe task were 40 paired facial expressions （negative-neural, positive-neural） which were presented in random order. In this experiment, the presentation duration of the paired stimuli was 800ms, then a dot was showed and the participants reacted to it, press F while the dot was at the left and press J while the dot was at the right. The experiment used 2 （groups： maltreated and controlled） ×2 （facial types： positive and negative） ×2 （consistency： consistent and inconsistent） mixed design on the index of reaction time and used 2 （groups： maltreated and controlled） ×2 （facial types： positive and negative）） mixed design on the index of attention bias score. All stimuli were presented through E-prime program in order to obtain participants’ reaction time. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0. Results：The reaction time were analyzed with Repeated Measurement ANOVA and the results showed that the main effects in facial types （F=17.362, p〈.001, power=0.982）, consistency （F=55.829, p〈.001, power=1.000） and the interaction effect among group, facial types and consistency （F=9.624,p〈.001, power=0.855） were found. Further analysis showed that psychological abused individuals reacted more slowly when position of the dot wasn’t in consistent with neglect facial expresses （468.094±37.012） than when the position of the dot wasn’t in consistent with positive facial expresses （409.144±44.896）; the attention bias scores were analyzed with Repeated Measurement ANOVA and the results showed that the main effects in groups （F=31.098, p〈.001, power=1.000） and facial types （F=32.361, p〈.001, power=1.000） , and the interaction effect among group and facial types （F=9.624, p〈.001, power=.855） were found, that is, there was significant difference between groups and between facial types, respectively. Further analysis showed attention bias scores of psychological abused group to negative facial expression was significantly higher than that of the controlled group. Conclusions： College students who experienced psychological maltreatment in childhood had attentional bias to negative facial expression.
