CAJ | 학술논문

本研究以中国内地的藏族大学生为例，通过两个研究探讨了民族本质论对跨民族交往的影响。研究一通过相关研究发现，民族本质论与接触数量、接触质量呈显著负相关，与民族间的社会距离呈显著正相关；研究二启动了民族本质论和民族建构论，结果发现，相比本质论启动条件，民族建构论启动条件下藏族大学生的跨汉民族交往意愿较高。本研究说明，民族本质论是影响跨民族交往的重要因素，加强民族的社会建构论是促进跨民族交往的重要举措。
본연구이중국내지적장족대학생위례，통과량개연구탐토료민족본질론대과민족교왕적영향。연구일통과상관연구발현，민족본질론여접촉수량、접촉질량정현저부상관，여민족간적사회거리정현저정상관；연구이계동료민족본질론화민족건구론，결과발현，상비본질론계동조건，민족건구론계동조건하장족대학생적과한민족교왕의원교고。본연구설명，민족본질론시영향과민족교왕적중요인소，가강민족적사회건구론시촉진과민족교왕적중요거조。
The essentialist theory of ethnicity contends that ethnicity is determined by nonmalleable, deep-seated essence and the essence would give rise to stable personality traits and abilities across situations. On the other hand, the social constructivist theory denies the real existence of ethnic essence; it contends that ethnicity is arbitrarily created due to social and political reasons in historical contexts. Most western studies have shown that the psychological essentialism about gender, race, homosexuality, and mental illness causes negative intergroup relationship. Although Gao ＆ Wan（2013） found that essentialist theory of ethnicity affected people’s intergroup identity and caused negative ethnic stereotype, it was unknown the relationship between essentialist theory of ethnicity and cross-ethnic interaction. To examine the effect of psychological essentialism of ethnicity on cross-ethnic interaction, the authors conducted 2 studies with the Tibetan college students in China. First, 113 Tibetan college students from two colleges participated in Study 1. They completed questionnaires aimed at assessing their psychological essentialism of ethnicity （the Chinese version, No et al., 2008）, out-group contact quantity and quality （Islam ＆ Hewstone, 1993）, and social distance （Bogardus, 1925）. The results were as following：（1） Correlational analysis showed that psychological essentialism of ethnicity negatively correlated with contact quantity（r = -0.24, p〈.05） and quality（r = -0.32, p〈.001）, and positively correlated with social distance（r = 0.51, p〈.001）; （2）Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, after statistically controlling for the effects of school type and socially desirable responding, psychological essentialism of ethnicity separately explained 2.9%, 9.6%,25.4% of variance for contact quantity, contact quality and social distance. Second, 74 Tibetan students participated in study 2. An experimental method was used to test the effect of psychological essentialism of ethnicity on Tibetan students’ cross-ethnic interaction willingness. This study was a 2 （priming condition：psychological essentialism vs. social constructivism）× 2（target of cross-ethnic interaction：Han vs. other ethnic interaction）mixed design. The priming condition was a between-subject variable, cross-ethnic interaction willingness of different target was a within-subject variable. Participants were randomly assigned to read the article advocating the essentialist view of ethnicity or the article advocating the social constructivist view of ethnicity. The results showed that participants in the social constructivism condition displayed a strong willingness of interaction between Tibetan-Han（M = 4.41, SD =0.64 ） than those in the psychological essentialism condition（M = 3.97, SD = 0.83, F （1,61） =13.0,p〈.001,η2=.18 ）when socially desirable responding was a covariate. The study suggests that psychological essentialism of ethnicity is the important influencing cross-ethnic interaction factor. Practical implications of these results imply there are two ways to improve ethnic relation in China. First, lay people’s theory of ethnicity can be used as a vehicle for improving ethnic relations. Specifically, we can teach people to hold more social constructivist belief and less essentialist belief of ethnicity, thereby weakening the psychological boundary among different ethnic group. Second, we can provide more contact chances by creating multi-ethnic mixed schools or classes to promote cross-ethnic interaction.