CAJ | 학술논문

从Johnson等人发现群体参照效应至今，该领域的研究正经历着对实验范式的不断质疑和改进。范式的不断变革与自我理论研究的推动有着密切关系。建立完善、统一的实验范式一直是此领域中面临的困境。初期研究者主要采用将群体参照与自我参照比肩并皆与语义加工控制组的记忆效果相对比的模式；后继学者对语义加工的控制条件提出了质疑，进而主张该研究领域应遵循自我归类理论的指引，确立以同一层面的内群—外群的比较为实验范式。但以外群作为控制条件，依然面临着其形象性弱于内群的质疑。本研究认为，将一般他人任务条件纳入控制组不但可以弥补外群群体形象性差的不足，而且为连接个体自我和集体自我架起了桥梁。未来群体参照效应的研究以内群—外群的比较为基础，并结合一般他人的对比为范式将是较为合理的选择。
종Johnson등인발현군체삼조효응지금，해영역적연구정경력착대실험범식적불단질의화개진。범식적불단변혁여자아이론연구적추동유착밀절관계。건립완선、통일적실험범식일직시차영역중면림적곤경。초기연구자주요채용장군체삼조여자아삼조비견병개여어의가공공제조적기억효과상대비적모식；후계학자대어의가공적공제조건제출료질의，진이주장해연구영역응준순자아귀류이론적지인，학립이동일층면적내군—외군적비교위실험범식。단이외군작위공제조건，의연면림착기형상성약우내군적질의。본연구인위，장일반타인임무조건납입공제조불단가이미보외군군체형상성차적불족，이차위련접개체자아화집체자아가기료교량。미래군체삼조효응적연구이내군—외군적비교위기출，병결합일반타인적대비위범식장시교위합리적선택。
Since Johnson et al. （2002） examined the group-reference effect in the domain of memory, the development of this field has been accompanied by the paradigm＇s introspection and improvement. The development of the experimental paradigm is associated with the motivation of the self-theory in every stage. The research analyzed the underlying causes for the shift of the group-reference effect paradigm from the semantic to the out-group control condition through the social identity approach as the self-theory of social psychology shifted from the individual level to the group level. In the initial phase, the study of group-reference effect imitated the paradigm of self- reference effect. The researchers mainly suggested that the group-reference was equal to the self-reference, and these two reference tasks were compared with the semantic process of the controlling group for examining the memory effect. Subsequently, scholars represented by Bennett disputed strongly about the controlling condition of semantic processing. They thought that the semantic controlling group was not equivalent to group reference group in terms of the amount of memory, image and processing mechanism. As self-categorization theory emerged, this theory of self-concept provided a strong theoretical support and foundation to establish a new experimental paradigm for group-reference. Then they claimed that this research field should confirm the comparison between in-group and out-group at the same level as the experimental paradigm. At present, although the in-group vs. out-group comparison guided by social identity theory is the most commonly used paradigm, it also has some limitations. Out-group, as the control condition, is still questioned by researchers, for the image of out-group was weaker than the in-group task. In the operational process of implementation of the experimental paradigm, it is difficult to ensure that ingroup and out-group homogenize with each other completely. When the in-group is as important as the out- group, the group-reference effect is not easily to be tbund. Although the existing paradigm of group-reference effect has some shortcomings, it is still better able to solve the examination of collective self in self theory. In fact, each group-reference effect paradigm has its own adaptation range, and it meets the development requirements of group-reference effect at different periods of time. As for the future direction of group-reference effect research, it depends on the theoretical change of direction in self-theory research. It will be a new developmental trend of self-theory to build a new way to integrate the individual self, relational self and col!ective self to verify the positions of the three aspects under the integrated framework. To follow with the integrating trend in the future of self-theory research, researchers need to explore a suitable integrated experimental paradigm. In terms of the development of the group-reference effect, taking the other reference group as the control group not only can make up the weak iconicity of the out-group task, but also can enhance the verification standards of the group-reference effect, and meanwhile it can set up a bridge connecting the comparison between individual self and collective self. In general, taking the out-group as the control group will be a reasonable approach to satisfy the requirement of self-theory integration in the future.