CAJ | 학술논문

现代语言学是由索绪尔开创的，但人们没有意识到，现代语言学潜藏着一种深层危机，那就是语言观与语源观的深刻矛盾。轴心时期以来的传统语言学观念是自洽的，其“分类命名集”语言观与其“词源”语源观是一致的，前者必定导致后者。索绪尔最深刻的语言学革命是提出了“符号价值系统”语言观，彻底批判了“分类命名集”语言观。这本应该导致对“词源”语源观的彻底否定，然而索绪尔却并未否定这种传统语源观。这是因为他本人及其后继者都未能真正贯彻其“符号价值系统”语言观，这尤其表现在索绪尔仍认为语言起源于词的产生、后继者关于词的聚合与组合等观念上。显然，解决危机的唯一途径是提出一种新的语言学理论，以解决上述矛盾。为此，我们提出“浑沌语言学”，我们认为：作为“符号价值系统”的语言，并非起源于词的产生，语言的初始形态乃是尚未分化的“浑沌语”，词不过是其分化的结果；浑沌语的分化不仅是原始词的产生、也是原始语音系统和语法系统产生的原因。所以，各语言要素才不能独立存在，而须由作为“价值系统”的整个语言系统决定。
현대어언학시유색서이개창적，단인문몰유의식도，현대어언학잠장착일충심층위궤，나취시어언관여어원관적심각모순。축심시기이래적전통어언학관념시자흡적，기“분류명명집”어언관여기“사원”어원관시일치적，전자필정도치후자。색서이최심각적어언학혁명시제출료“부호개치계통”어언관，철저비판료“분류명명집”어언관。저본응해도치대“사원”어원관적철저부정，연이색서이각병미부정저충전통어원관。저시인위타본인급기후계자도미능진정관철기“부호개치계통”어언관，저우기표현재색서이잉인위어언기원우사적산생、후계자관우사적취합여조합등관념상。현연，해결위궤적유일도경시제출일충신적어언학이론，이해결상술모순。위차，아문제출“혼돈어언학”，아문인위：작위“부호개치계통”적어언，병비기원우사적산생，어언적초시형태내시상미분화적“혼돈어”，사불과시기분화적결과；혼돈어적분화불부시원시사적산생、야시원시어음계통화어법계통산생적원인。소이，각어언요소재불능독립존재，이수유작위“개치계통”적정개어언계통결정。
Modern linguistics was initiated by Ferdinand de Saussure. However, it has not been aware that a deep-seated crisis is hidden in modem linguistics, which is the profound contradiction of its Language outlook and its language origin outlook. The ideas of traditional language outlook since the Axial Period is self-consistent, because its language outlook of ＂classified nomenclature set＂ is accordant with its language origin outlook of ＂etymon＂, and the former surely leads to the latter. The most profound revolution in linguistics by Saussure is that he put forward the language outlook of that ＂language is a value system of signs＂, which is a thorough critique on the language outlook of ＂classified nomenclature set＂. It should lead to a total refutation of the language origin outlook of ＂etymon＂, but Saussure did not negate the traditional outlook. This is because that Saussure and his successors are unable to carry out their outlook of ＂value system of signs＂ to the end, which is especially manifested in such ideas as that Saussure still believe that language stems from the emergence of words and that the successors regard language as the associative relation and the syntagmatic relation of words. Obviously, the only way out of the crisis is to put forward a new linguistic theory so as to resolve the contradiction above. To this end, we put forward ＂hundun linguistics＂（the undifferentiation linguistics）. As ＂a value system of signs＂, language does not come of the emergence of words; the initial form of language is ＂hundun language＂（ the undifferential language）, and the words are nothing but the consequences of its differentiation. The differentiation of hundun language is not only the cause of the emergence of the original words, but also that of both systems of original phonetic sounds and original grammars. Therefore, the existence of the language elements is not independent but determined by the whole of the language system as ＂a value system of signs＂.