CAJ | 학술논문

“新组织”和“小组织”遇到的发展困境问题在组织理论中有不同的解释，理论发展中主要关注组织年龄、组织规模与组织消亡之间关系的讨论。虽然，组织消亡的记录为“新组织”和“小组织”困境研究留下了实证的证据，但是，更有意义的研究需要从“组织健康和发展”的视角着手，对组织遇到的发展困境问题给予关注和重视。本研究通过文献回顾和理论建构过程，讨论组织健康和组织免疫行为的理论维度，开发、纯化了“组织健康（SFSE）”和“组织免疫行为（SDM）”量表，并对量表进行信度和效度检验，进而构建组织健康的免疫动态捍卫机制。在SFSE和SDM量表的开发与验证基础上，从组织社会生态的视角，利用调节层次回归（MMR）的方法验证三个控制变量（竞争环境的生态密度、产业生命周期、行业类型）和两个调节变量（组织年龄、组织规模）对组织免疫行为（组织监视、组织防御、组织记忆）和组织健康的相关理论维度（结构均衡性、功能活跃性、社会和谐性、环境适应性）的影响作用，这样的讨论有助于解释不同性质的组织在组织健康捍卫过程中的差异，从而对“新组织”和“小组织”困境问题给予新的理论解释。
“신조직”화“소조직”우도적발전곤경문제재조직이론중유불동적해석，이론발전중주요관주조직년령、조직규모여조직소망지간관계적토론。수연，조직소망적기록위“신조직”화“소조직”곤경연구류하료실증적증거，단시，경유의의적연구수요종“조직건강화발전”적시각착수，대조직우도적발전곤경문제급여관주화중시。본연구통과문헌회고화이론건구과정，토론조직건강화조직면역행위적이론유도，개발、순화료“조직건강（SFSE）”화“조직면역행위（SDM）”량표，병대량표진행신도화효도검험，진이구건조직건강적면역동태한위궤제。재SFSE화SDM량표적개발여험증기출상，종조직사회생태적시각，이용조절층차회귀（MMR）적방법험증삼개공제변량（경쟁배경적생태밀도、산업생명주기、행업류형）화량개조절변량（조직년령、조직규모）대조직면역행위（조직감시、조직방어、조직기억）화조직건강적상관이론유도（결구균형성、공능활약성、사회화해성、배경괄응성）적영향작용，저양적토론유조우해석불동성질적조직재조직건강한위과정중적차이，종이대“신조직”화“소조직”곤경문제급여신적이론해석。
The phenomenon of ＂Liability of newness＂ and ＂Liability of smallness＂ has the different explana- tion in the organizational theory, it＇ s mainly research concentrates in the discussion of which to the relationship of organizational age, organizational scale and organizational failure by scholar Hannan and Freeman. Although, the record of organizational failure was ＂Liability of newness＂ and ＂Liability of smallness＂ has left behind the empirical evidence to research, but more meaningful research need to begin from organizational health and development, to meet the question of development difficult of the organization to be paid attention. The research through the litera- ture review and the theory construction process to discuss theory dimensions of organizional health and organizational immunity behavior, to develop and purify the SFSE and SDM scale, and to carry on the reliability and validity ex- amination, then to construct immunity dynamic safeguarding mechanism of organizational health. Mainly taken questionnaire issued in the field and by e-mail, questionnaires were distributed 850 （275 copies were issued in the field and which were distributed by e-mail are 575 ） , we got 495 copies of questionnaires, and we excluded obvious common sense and do not meet too many missing values level positions invalid questionnaires which does not meet the study criteria. Ultimately effective copies of questionnaires were 323. The effective re- sponse rate was 38%. Using of Exploratory Factor Analysis （EFA） for the extraction of latent variables, we veri- fied the construct validity of the data using the software SPSS13.0. The research has shown that the data has good construct validity. Using multiple level regression to test of variables＇ affect level, multivariate level regression model where only one value as a variable input to use the factor scores of each latent variable as an alternative （ in which the dependent variable of organizational health of the second-order factor scores, three organizational immuni- ty behaviors＇ independent variables are using the first-order factor scores）. In SFSE and SDM scale＇ s development and confirmation foundation, from organizational society ecology angle of view, the research has confirmed the organizational ecology variable to play moderate role between organizational immunity behaviors and the organizational health＇ s correlation theories dimension, such discussion is helpful to the explanation in heterogeneity organization different safeguarding process of organizational health, thus is right ＂Lia- bility of newness＂ and ＂Liability of smallness＂ to the difficult question to give the new theory explanation. According to empirical process, we get the following results： first, industry life cycle and ecological density have no moderating influence on organizational immunity behaviors and organizational health; second, organization- al age has no moderating influence on organizational scan and organizational health. Organizational age has positive moderating influence on organizational defense, organizational memory and organizational health, organizational age is not only a predictor variable of organizational health, but also adjusted moderating variable of organizational de- fense, organizational memory and organizational health; third, organizational size has no moderating influence on organizational scan and organizational health. Organizational size has positive moderating influence on organizational defense, organizational memory and organizational health, organizational size is not only a predictor variable of or- ganizational health, but also adjusted moderating variable of organizational defense, organizational memory and or- ganizational health; fourth, we do not ignore the influence of organizational immunity behaviors on organizational health.