语言科学
語言科學
어언과학
Linguistic Sciences
2013年
6期
618~630
,共null页
谓词性主语 谓词性宾语 语义特征 不对称性
謂詞性主語 謂詞性賓語 語義特徵 不對稱性
위사성주어 위사성빈어 어의특정 불대칭성
verbal subject verbal object semantic features asymmetry
谓词性成分作主语和宾语在语义层面存在着不对称性。语言事实表明,谓词性主语的事物性、指称性、使因性一般都高于谓词性宾语,指称性与陈述性的强度是主宾语位置上不同谓词之间在意义上最重要的区别,指称性抑或陈述性的确立不仅与词性相关,也与句法成分密不可分。从指称内涵来看,谓词性主语以转指方式为主,倾向于指代由某一动作引发的行为事件或事物的静态属性,注重其整体性与外延性;谓词性宾语以自指方式为主,倾向于指代动作的过程与内容(即动作行为本身)或事物的动态属性,注重其时间性与内涵性。
謂詞性成分作主語和賓語在語義層麵存在著不對稱性。語言事實錶明,謂詞性主語的事物性、指稱性、使因性一般都高于謂詞性賓語,指稱性與陳述性的彊度是主賓語位置上不同謂詞之間在意義上最重要的區彆,指稱性抑或陳述性的確立不僅與詞性相關,也與句法成分密不可分。從指稱內涵來看,謂詞性主語以轉指方式為主,傾嚮于指代由某一動作引髮的行為事件或事物的靜態屬性,註重其整體性與外延性;謂詞性賓語以自指方式為主,傾嚮于指代動作的過程與內容(即動作行為本身)或事物的動態屬性,註重其時間性與內涵性。
위사성성분작주어화빈어재어의층면존재착불대칭성。어언사실표명,위사성주어적사물성、지칭성、사인성일반도고우위사성빈어,지칭성여진술성적강도시주빈어위치상불동위사지간재의의상최중요적구별,지칭성억혹진술성적학립불부여사성상관,야여구법성분밀불가분。종지칭내함래간,위사성주어이전지방식위주,경향우지대유모일동작인발적행위사건혹사물적정태속성,주중기정체성여외연성;위사성빈어이자지방식위주,경향우지대동작적과정여내용(즉동작행위본신)혹사물적동태속성,주중기시간성여내함성。
Asymmetric phenomena are found in semantic features of verbal subjects and verbal objects. Verbal subjects are usually more characteristic of volitionality, entity-designation, reference and causativity than verbal objects. The strength of reference and declarativeness is the most signifi- cant difference in the meanings of predicates in the subject and object slots. The establishment of ref- erence or deelarativeness is not only related to their parts of speech, but also is closely connected with their syntactic components. In terms of connotations of reference, the main referential pattern of ver- bal subjects is transferred-reference tending to refer to events triggered by a particular behavior or the static properties of entities and underline their entireness and extensiveness. The main referential pat- tern of verbal objects is self-reference tending to refer to the process and content of the action (i. e. the action per se) or the dynamic properties of things and underline their temporality and connotation.