CAJ | 학술논문

本研究采用奖励版的AX—CPT任务，通过控制奖励线索和反馈的呈现方式，设置出基线、阈上奖励、阈下奖励三种条件，考察习得的奖励联结和奖励动机能否以潜意识的方式影响认知任务的表现和认知控制的权衡。结果显示：奖励线索只在阈上呈现时提高AX序列的任务表现；与基线条件相比，阈上和阈下奖励条件下认知控制的权衡均偏向主动性控制，且这种偏向在两者间无显著差异。这表明习得的阈下奖励线索可以调节认知控制的权衡，使被试像阈上奖励时那样偏向主动性控制。
본연구채용장려판적AX—CPT임무，통과공제장려선색화반궤적정현방식，설치출기선、역상장려、역하장려삼충조건，고찰습득적장려련결화장려동궤능부이잠의식적방식영향인지임무적표현화인지공제적권형。결과현시：장려선색지재역상정현시제고AX서렬적임무표현；여기선조건상비，역상화역하장려조건하인지공제적권형균편향주동성공제，차저충편향재량자간무현저차이。저표명습득적역하장려선색가이조절인지공제적권형，사피시상역상장려시나양편향주동성공제。
The Dual Mechanisms of Control （DMC） theory suggests that cognitive control consists of two modes： proactive control （anticipatory and sustained control during the cue encoding and maintenance periods） and reactive control （control is engaged after rather than before the probe and in a just-in-time manner rather than consistently）. There is a tradeoff between these two kinds of control to optimize task performance. Several studies have shown that the reward context is associated with a shift towards proactive control. Recently, it is suggested that awareness of reward cue is not necessary for the cue to work. Reward cue can improve working memory and cognitive control even when it occurs beyond subjects＇ consciousness. However, it is still unclear how subliminal reward modulates the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control. The present study conducted an experiment to investigate this question by using the AX-CPT task. In this study, participants were engaged in a reward version of AX-CPT task, in which some reward-related cues and feedbacks were introduced. These reward-related cues and feedbacks were presented supraliminally （284 ms followed by a mask for 16 ms） or subliminally （16 ms followed by a mask for 284 ms） before and after each cue-probe sequence of AX-CPT task. There were two kinds of reward-related cues （＂$$$＂ indicating a 50 scores potential reward, ＂###＂ indicating no potential reward） and two corresponding feedbacks （＂＋50＂ and ＂＋--＂）. In AX-CPT task, letters （＂A＂, ＂B＂, ＂X＂, and ＂Y＂） were individually and sequentially displayed on a computer screen. A target response was required only when an ＂X＂ probe is preceded by an ＂A＂ cue （AX trials）. All other probe stimuli （A~, BX, and BY trials） required non-target responses. Participants were told to complete baseline condition, supraliminal reward condition and subliminal reward condition one by one. In baseline condition, the reward-related cues were presented subliminally and participants performed the AX-CPT task without any instruction on financial incentives. During the two subsequent conditions, participants would gain some money if they respond correctly and quickly. The only difference between supraliminal and subliminal reward conditions was the presentation of reward-related cues and feedbacks, the former was supraliminal while the latter subliminal. Two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to analyze the error rate and RT. The behavioral results showed that supraliminal reward cues improved the performance of AX trials while subliminal reward cues had no effects. Nevertheless, the interactions between trial types （AY vs. BX） and reward conditions （baseline vs. supraliminal reward, or baseline vs. subliminal reward）, which was thought to index the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control, was significant. It means that just like supraliminal reward cues, subliminal reward cues modulated the tradeoff between proactive and reactive control and led to a preference toward proactive control. In contrast to some recent results, the present study does develop the DMC theory and the research on subliminal reward.