CAJ | 학술논문

采用酶联免疫吸附法分析唾液皮质醇和日志记录上呼吸道感染（upperrespiratorytractinfection；URI）的方法，考察新人园的59名幼儿皮质醇变化与两个月期间患URI次数、持续时间的关系，同时检测了幼儿气质在其中的作用。结果发现，新人园幼儿在国庆小长假后的第一周内，其皮质醇变化的整体趋势表现为下午的皮质醇水平比上午的皮质醇水平高；上、下午皮质醇水平的变化幅度与其患URI次数显著负相关，注意分散度与患URI次数呈显著正相关，幼儿的自我控制能力与其患URI的平均持续时间显著负相关；趋避性能够调节上、下午皮质醇水平变化幅度与URI的平均持续时间的关系。研究表明，幼儿面对新人园这一急性压力事件时，皮质醇水平的暂时性升高对免疫系统产生了一定的刺激作用来抵抗URI。幼儿气质的认知、情绪的或注意的不同过程与URI以及对皮质醇变化水平与URI关系的作用机制有所不同。
채용매련면역흡부법분석타액피질순화일지기록상호흡도감염（upperrespiratorytractinfection；URI）적방법，고찰신인완적59명유인피질순변화여량개월기간환URI차수、지속시간적관계，동시검측료유인기질재기중적작용。결과발현，신인완유인재국경소장가후적제일주내，기피질순변화적정체추세표현위하오적피질순수평비상오적피질순수평고；상、하오피질순수평적변화폭도여기환URI차수현저부상관，주의분산도여환URI차수정현저정상관，유인적자아공제능력여기환URI적평균지속시간현저부상관；추피성능구조절상、하오피질순수평변화폭도여URI적평균지속시간적관계。연구표명，유인면대신인완저일급성압력사건시，피질순수평적잠시성승고대면역계통산생료일정적자격작용래저항URI。유인기질적인지、정서적혹주의적불동과정여URI이급대피질순변화수평여URI관계적작용궤제유소불동。
The effects of psychosocial factors, in particular, stress on human health have been widely examined; and results showed that stress levels could account for a number of different acute and chronic health problems. Unfortunately, to date, most studies primarily focused on adults rather than children. The possible reason might be that the measurement of stress level in children is much more difficult than that of adults. Relatively few studies have confirmed that the susceptibility to or resistance against diseases of young children is related to their psychological stress. Moreover, the sources of stress include not only the characteristics of external stimulation, but also the individual innate characteristics （such as temperament）. However, little research has examined the role of children＇s temperament on the relationship between stress level and diurnal and disease. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol level （a physical index of stress level） of young children experiencing kindergarten transition and the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infection （URI） during their first 2 months in kindergarten and then further examined the moderating role of temperament on this relationship. Fifty-nine mother-child dyads were （mean age = 36.8months, 34 females） recruited from a kindergarten in Bejing. In the kindergarten, saliva samples were respectively taken from the children in the moming and aftemoon and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of salivary cortisol was done. Children＇s primary caregiver was asked to complete a Temperament Questionnaire. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection （URI） were recorded in diary form, and variables relating to URI occurrence and duration owere assessed. In addition, three tasks were performed to measure children＇s temperamental self-control. The data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. The results showed：（1） Cortisol levels in the afternoon were significantly higher than those in the morning for all children. （2） Children with higher aftemoon cortisol experienced significantly fewer episodes of URI in the following 2 months and diurnal cortisol change was negatively correlated with the number of URI during the 2 months. （3） Distractibility was positively correlated with the number of URI. （4） Temperamental self-control was negatively correlated with the duration of URI. （5） Approach-withdrawal plays a moderating role in the relationship between diurnal change in cortisol and URI duration, indicating the greatest resistance to URI infection in children who approach to the novel stressor of transitioning to kindergarten and who have a smaller diurnal change in cortisol from morning to aftemoon. Taken together, the present findings suggested that increased cortisol is a natural response to the stress of young children experiencing kindergarten transition, and may prime the immune system to protect the children from URI at this critical stage of development. Also, expanding on the previous research, the present study explored the interaction between alivary cortisol level and temperament on the upper respiratory tract infection （URI） and findings have some important implications for interventions.