CAJ | 학술논문

在对中国省级电力碳排放责任核算时,综合考虑生产者责任和消费者责任,有利于促成各省份更加公平地承担减排责任并协同减排.本文提出了基于共担责任原则下的省级电力排放核算方法,并同时考虑了电力跨区交换因素,这不仅有利于电力生产端和消费端共同承担排放责任,而且也使得电力净调出和调入省份能够合理承担相应的碳排放责任.基于本文提出的方法,核算了2011年中国各省电力碳排放责任.计算结果显示：①相对于生产者责任核算方法,共担责任原则核算方法使中国主要电力生产省份的碳排放责任减少10％以上,而一些电力消费省份的电力碳排放责任则增加20％以上;②基于共担责任核算原则,电力排放量最大的省份是内蒙古,排放最小的省份是海南省;③净调出电力排放量最大的4个省份分别为内蒙古、山西、湖北和安徽,2011年净调出电力排放均在1 400万t以上,这4个省份净调出电力排放占全国的74.42％,而净调入电力排放量最大的6个省份分别为河北、北京、广东、辽宁、山东和江苏,2011年净调入电力的排放均在1 100万t以上,这6个省份电力净调入排放占全国的71.44％;④进一步估算出的各省级电力消费排放因子,有利于在避免重复计算的情况下,核算电力终端消费的碳排放责任,如建筑、汽车制造等行业;此外,利用该因子还可核算各省级电网的排放责任.
재대중국성급전력탄배방책임핵산시,종합고필생산자책임화소비자책임,유리우촉성각성빈경가공평지승담감배책임병협동감배.본문제출료기우공담책임원칙하적성급전력배방핵산방법,병동시고필료전력과구교환인소,저불부유리우전력생산단화소비단공동승담배방책임,이차야사득전력정조출화조입성빈능구합리승담상응적탄배방책임.기우본문제출적방법,핵산료2011년중국각성전력탄배방책임.계산결과현시：①상대우생산자책임핵산방법,공담책임원칙핵산방법사중국주요전력생산성빈적탄배방책임감소10％이상,이일사전력소비성빈적전력탄배방책임칙증가20％이상;②기우공담책임핵산원칙,전력배방량최대적성빈시내몽고,배방최소적성빈시해남성;③정조출전력배방량최대적4개성빈분별위내몽고、산서、호북화안휘,2011년정조출전력배방균재1 400만t이상,저4개성빈정조출전력배방점전국적74.42％,이정조입전력배방량최대적6개성빈분별위하북、북경、엄동、료녕、산동화강소,2011년정조입전력적배방균재1 100만t이상,저6개성빈전력정조입배방점전국적71.44％;④진일보고산출적각성급전력소비배방인자,유리우재피면중복계산적정황하,핵산전력종단소비적탄배방책임,여건축、기차제조등행업;차외,이용해인자환가핵산각성급전망적배방책임.
It is a great significance to consider the scope of both producers＇ and the consumers＇ responsibility since it would promote the fairness in trans-regional emissions reduction cooperation among provinces. This paper provides a new solution method in calculating the provincial electricity carbon emissions based on the shared responsibility by taking the factor of interregional electricity trade into consideration. This method would raise the sense of mutual responsibility for both the electricity production side and the consumption side and ensure the rationality of corresponding responsibility proportion in emissions reduction between the net electricity outflow and inflow among the provinces as well. We account the estimated carbon emissions responsibility of power generation based on 2011 statistic data. The empirical resuhs indicate that the production-based criterion altering to the shared responsibility criterion would lead to over 10% of carbon emission responsibility reduction, while it surge more than 20% carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption provinces. Secondly, based on the principle of shared responsibility accounting, the province of largest power emissions was Inner Mongolia, the province of smallest power emissions was Hainan. Thirdly, the results also presents that the largest four provinces in China of net power emissions outflow were Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hubei and Anhui. The amount of net carbon emissions transferred out of those provinces have reached up to 14 million tons in 2011, which occupied 74.42% of total power emissions in the nationwide. At the same time, the largest six provinces of net power emissions inflow were Hebei, Beijing, Guangdong, Liaoning, Shandong and Jiangsu , whose net power emissions outflow reached to the amount of 11 million tons in 2011, taking up 71.44% of total carbon emission nationally. Lastly, this paper further estimates the provincial emission factors of electricity consumption, which will help avoiding double counting when accounting the emission responsibility of power consumption terminal, such as construction, automobile manufacturing and other industries. In addition,we could also account emissions responsibility for the State grid at provincial level by using these emission factors.