CAJ | 학술논문

基于江苏省宿迁市A镇、南通市B镇、昆山市C镇的实地调研,采用案例比较法和交易费用法,分析江苏省“万顷良田建设工程”中宅基地置换模式的区域差异性及其原因.研究结果表明,江苏省“万顷良田建设工程”宅基地置换主要采用了置换宅基地、置换小产权房、置换商品房三种模式,具有显著的区域差异性.区域土地稀缺程度、非农就业机会大小、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度是导致宅基地置换模式区域差异的主要原因.昆山市C镇因土地稀缺程度较大、非农就业机会较大、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度较高,宅基地置换交易费用较小,采用类似市场制的置换商品房模式;相反,宿迁市A镇因土地稀缺程度较小、非农就业机会较小、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度较低,宅基地置换交易费用较大,采用类似层级制的置换宅基地模式;南通市B镇因各项指标处于中等水平,宅基地置换的交易费用中等,采用类似中间混合制的置换小产权房模式.鉴于此,在推行宅基地置换的过程中,需要依据农民对农村生活生产环境的依赖程度、农地流转稳定程度和农村社会保障稳定程度因地制宜地选择合适的宅基地置换模式,避免发生“一刀切”等将农民转移到城镇的强制行为.此外,需要不断完善农地流转和社会保障制度等配套改革,替代农地的就业和社会保障功能,保障农民能够获得稳定持续的经济收益,从而促进农民不断向城市转移.
기우강소성숙천시A진、남통시B진、곤산시C진적실지조연,채용안례비교법화교역비용법,분석강소성“만경량전건설공정”중택기지치환모식적구역차이성급기원인.연구결과표명,강소성“만경량전건설공정”택기지치환주요채용료치환택기지、치환소산권방、치환상품방삼충모식,구유현저적구역차이성.구역토지희결정도、비농취업궤회대소、농지류전은정정도화농촌사회보장은정정도시도치택기지치환모식구역차이적주요원인.곤산시C진인토지희결정도교대、비농취업궤회교대、농지류전은정정도화농촌사회보장은정정도교고,택기지치환교역비용교소,채용유사시장제적치환상품방모식;상반,숙천시A진인토지희결정도교소、비농취업궤회교소、농지류전은정정도화농촌사회보장은정정도교저,택기지치환교역비용교대,채용유사층급제적치환택기지모식;남통시B진인각항지표처우중등수평,택기지치환적교역비용중등,채용유사중간혼합제적치환소산권방모식.감우차,재추행택기지치환적과정중,수요의거농민대농촌생활생산배경적의뢰정도、농지류전은정정도화농촌사회보장은정정도인지제의지선택합괄적택기지치환모식,피면발생“일도절”등장농민전이도성진적강제행위.차외,수요불단완선농지류전화사회보장제도등배투개혁,체대농지적취업화사회보장공능,보장농민능구획득은정지속적경제수익,종이촉진농민불단향성시전이.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the regional differences of rural residential land replacement modes and to explain the reasons for these differences in ＇ Ten Thousand Hectare Fertile Farmland Construction Project＇ in Jiangsu Province, taking A town of Suqian City, B town of Nantong City and C town of Kunshan City as examples. Methods of case study and transaction cost analysis are used in this paper. Results show that in ＇ Ten Thousand Hectare Fertile Farmland Construction Project＇ in Jiangsu Province, rural residential land replacement modes include replacing rural residential land, apartments located on collectively-owned land, and apartments located on state-owned land, which indicates significant regional differences. These regional differences are mainly caused by the degree of land scarcity, access to off-farm employment opportunities, farmland transfer stability and rural social insurances. C town of Kunshan City is characterized by comparatively high degree of land scarcity, good access to off-farm employment opportunities, high degree of farmland transfer stability, and more rural social insurances. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is comparatively low, C town therefore applies the market governance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing apartments located on state- owned land. On the contrary, A town of Suqian City is characterized by comparatively low degree of land scarcity, poor access to off- farm employment opportunities, low degree of farmland transfer stability, and less rural social insurances. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is comparatively high; A town therefore adopts the hierarchical governance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing rural residential land. In B town of Nantong City, all the above-mentioned indicators are at the middle level. Transaction costs of rural residential land replacement is also at the middle level; B town therefore uses the hybrid govemance structure, i.e. the mode of replacing apartments located on collectively-owned land. The conclusion is that during the process of rural residential land replacement, it is necessary to choose the appropriate and site-specific residential land replacement modes based on farm households＇ dependence on local rural living and production environment, the stability of farmland transfer and rural social insurances, so as to avoid the government mandatory ＇ one size fits all＇ behavior to enforce farm households to quickly shift to cities and towns. In order to smoothly shift farmers to cities and towns, the govemments have to constantly improve farmland transfer policies and rural social insurance system to replace the employment and social security functions of farmland, and therefore make sure that farm households can obtain continuous and stable economic benefits.