CAJ | 학술논문

宅基地流转被认为是城乡建设用地资源优化配置和农民财产性收入增加的重要渠道,应以尊重农民意愿为前提.由“农民理性”、“政策激励”、“隐形市场”假设可知,农民宅基地流转取决于在政策和市场等外部环境变化的情况下,其宅基地的资产实现程度和社会保障替代程度之间的“理性”权衡.基于“农户-政策-市场”三维特征视角,利用新疆四地州（市）340户农民的调查数据,采用Probit模型,探讨欠发达地区农民宅基地流转意愿的影响因素.结果表明：新疆农户特征、相关政策与市场特征对农民宅基地流入和流出意愿具有不同程度和不同方向上的影响;与相关研究结果相比,既有相同之处,更有显著的地区特点.其相同之处主要表现在：宅基地流转范围的限制,阻碍宅基地流转;流转收入越高,农民流出宅基地的意愿就越强烈;流转花费时间越多,流入宅基地的意愿就越弱.其地区特点主要表现在：家庭人均收入与流出意愿关系不显著;农民非农化程度对农民流转宅基地意愿的影响并不显著;与少数民族农民相比,汉族农民并没有表现更强的宅基地流转意愿;农村新型合作医疗比重越大,农民流入宅基地的意愿越强,但对流出意愿影响并不显著;农民家庭参加农村养老保险比重越高,农民宅基地流入和流出的意愿并非越强;流入费用对流入意愿的影响并不显著;流转方式对农民流入意愿具有显著的正向影响;流转花费时间对流出意愿影响并不显著.因此,今后要在充分考虑农户特征和偏好的情况下,完善政策和市场环境,因地制宜地引导、推进农民宅基地流转,切实保障不同农民群体在城乡统筹发展中有更多的自主权、参与权与利益共享权等.
택기지류전피인위시성향건설용지자원우화배치화농민재산성수입증가적중요거도,응이존중농민의원위전제.유“농민이성”、“정책격려”、“은형시장”가설가지,농민택기지류전취결우재정책화시장등외부배경변화적정황하,기택기지적자산실현정도화사회보장체대정도지간적“이성”권형.기우“농호-정책-시장”삼유특정시각,이용신강사지주（시）340호농민적조사수거,채용Probit모형,탐토흠발체지구농민택기지류전의원적영향인소.결과표명：신강농호특정、상관정책여시장특정대농민택기지류입화류출의원구유불동정도화불동방향상적영향;여상관연구결과상비,기유상동지처,경유현저적지구특점.기상동지처주요표현재：택기지류전범위적한제,조애택기지류전;류전수입월고,농민류출택기지적의원취월강렬;류전화비시간월다,류입택기지적의원취월약.기지구특점주요표현재：가정인균수입여류출의원관계불현저;농민비농화정도대농민류전택기지의원적영향병불현저;여소수민족농민상비,한족농민병몰유표현경강적택기지류전의원;농촌신형합작의료비중월대,농민류입택기지적의원월강,단대류출의원영향병불현저;농민가정삼가농촌양로보험비중월고,농민택기지류입화류출적의원병비월강;류입비용대류입의원적영향병불현저;류전방식대농민류입의원구유현저적정향영향;류전화비시간대류출의원영향병불현저.인차,금후요재충분고필농호특정화편호적정황하,완선정책화시장배경,인지제의지인도、추진농민택기지류전,절실보장불동농민군체재성향통주발전중유경다적자주권、삼여권여이익공향권등.
The transfer of homestead is considered as an important way of optimal allocation of the urban and rural construction land resource and farmers＇ property income increase, and should be based on the premise of respecting farmers＇ willing. Hypothesis such as ＇ reason of peasant＇ , ＇ policy incentive＇ , and ＇ invisible market＇ tell us that peasants＇ transfer of homestead depends on ＇ rational＇ balance between the degree of land assets to realize and the degree of social security substitution, under the condition of the external environment such as the policy and market change. The purpose of this paper is to analyze influential factors of peasants＇ willingness to transfer homestead based on ＇ household-policy-market＇ characteristics in less developed areas through empirical study by using 340 data from the questionnaire survey of rural households in four regions of Xinjiang Province. The results show that household characteristics, relevant policy and market characteristics have different influences on peasants＇ willingness to transfer in or out in terms of degree or orientation. Compared with the related research results, our results have both in common, more prominent regional characteristics. Similarities mainly display in： The limitation of scope of homestead transfer prevents transfer. Transfer income is higher, and the willingness is more intense. The time spent for transfer is more, and the willingness of the homestead is weaker. Prominent regional characteristics mainly display in： The relationship between family income per capita and willingness to transfer out homestead is not significant. The relationship between peasants＇ level of non-agrieuhuralization and willingness is not significant. Compared with minority peasants, Han peasants don＇t appear to have more strong willingness. The greater the proportion of new rural cooperative medical care is, the stronger peasants＇ willingness to transfer in homestead is, but doesn＇t impact the willingness to transfer in homestead significantly. The proportion of peasants＇ participating in rural endowment insurance is higher, while peasants＇ willingness is not stronger. The cost does not have significant influences on transferring in homestead. Transfer mode has significant positive influences on transferring in homestead. Time spent for transfer out is not significant on willingness to transfer. So, some suggestions are put forward： considering peasant household characteristics and preferential interest, policy and marketing environment should be perfected to guide and promote the transfer of homestead according to local characteristics in order to guarantee more practically autonomous rights, participation rights and benefit sharing rights for different kinds of peasants in the way of urban-rural integration development.