CAJ | 학술논문

运用实验仪器探索运动员眼动特征一直是运动心理学家不断研究的重要课题.研究证明,运用眼动记录仪能够及时、准确地记录运动员眼球运动的时间和空间特征,是反映运动员视觉特征的有效手段.采用ASL Eye Tracker 6000型眼动记录仪对不同水平排球运动员对扣球动作图示各期段眼动特征进行试验研究,力求探索排球运动员对排球扣球动作图示进行视觉搜索的内在认知规律,为排球运动科学训练、心理选材和技战术合理运用等方面提供理论借鉴与参考.结果发现：（1）高水平运动员在各期段的平均注视时间、总注视时间、平均眼跳距离、平均眼跳速度、瞳孔直径眼动指标都大于低水平运动员,高水平运动员注视点数量在击球准备期内大于低水平运动员.（2）高水平-低水平运动员的平均注视时间在击球准备期内对比差异显著、总注视时间在击球准备期和击球期内对比差异十分显著、平均眼跳速度在起跳期和击球期对比差异显著、注视点数量在击球准备期内对比差异显著、平均瞳孔直径在三个期段内对比差异十分显著.（3）高水平运动员判断正确率远远高于低水平运动员,对比差异十分显著.说明高水平运动员在长期的比赛和训练中,形成了快速、准确搜索动作特征信息的能力及对信息分析综合和正确决策能力.
운용실험의기탐색운동원안동특정일직시운동심이학가불단연구적중요과제.연구증명,운용안동기록의능구급시、준학지기록운동원안구운동적시간화공간특정,시반영운동원시각특정적유효수단.채용ASL Eye Tracker 6000형안동기록의대불동수평배구운동원대구구동작도시각기단안동특정진행시험연구,력구탐색배구운동원대배구구구동작도시진행시각수색적내재인지규률,위배구운동과학훈련、심리선재화기전술합리운용등방면제공이론차감여삼고.결과발현：（1）고수평운동원재각기단적평균주시시간、총주시시간、평균안도거리、평균안도속도、동공직경안동지표도대우저수평운동원,고수평운동원주시점수량재격구준비기내대우저수평운동원.（2）고수평-저수평운동원적평균주시시간재격구준비기내대비차이현저、총주시시간재격구준비기화격구기내대비차이십분현저、평균안도속도재기도기화격구기대비차이현저、주시점수량재격구준비기내대비차이현저、평균동공직경재삼개기단내대비차이십분현저.（3）고수평운동원판단정학솔원원고우저수평운동원,대비차이십분현저.설명고수평운동원재장기적비새화훈련중,형성료쾌속、준학수색동작특정신식적능력급대신식분석종합화정학결책능력.
It has been an important topic which sport psychologists keep studying to use scientific laboratory apparatus to search for athletes＇ eye movement features. According to the research, volleyballers＇ eye movement timing features and spatial features can be accurately recorded instantly by using the eye movement recorder, and the eye movement recorder is an effective instrument to reflect volleyballers＇ visual features. In this research, the ASL Eye Tracker 6000 was used for research on the visual search focus point and eye movement features in smashing action graph of volleyball players of different skill levels, try to explore the intrinsic cognitive rules of visual search in the volleyball smashing movement graph by volleyballers, and providing theoretical references for scientific training in volleyball playing, psychological selection and proper use of skills and tactics and others. It is found that （1） the average fixation time, total fixation time, the average saccade distance, the average saccade speed and the diameter of the pupil of eye movement indices in eaeh period of high-level athletes were higher than the low level athletes. The fixation point number of high level athlete in the address period was larger than that of the low level ath- letes. （2） the average fixation duration of high level and low level players in different period ball contrasted significantly, total fixation time on the ball and the ball between period was very significant, the average saccade speed difference in the take-off phase and a phase contrast significantly, the fixation point num- ber in the hall during the period, the average contrast significantly difference the pupil diameter in the differences between the three period contrast is quite significant. （3） the judgment correctness of high-level volleyball players was significantly higher than that of low-level with significant difference. It means that high-level volleyball players have acquired the ability to visually search for action information stably, accurately, and effectively and the ability to quickly process information and make eorrect decisions.