CAJ | 학술논문

我国最成功的改革在农村,成功在于对土地集体所有制范围内农民个人所有权的确认,它是马克思重建个人所有制理想的实现：集体的所有权由联合起来的个人共同行使,体现为公有制;具体占有、使用或消费时,所有权平等地落实到集体中的每一个个人身上,体现为个人所有制。在推进农业现代化和新型城市化的进程中,随着生产力水平的提高,土地已变得不适宜分散经营,应当坚持土地公有制,同时将完整的土地所有权还给农民集体,建立城乡统一的土地市场,让农民分享土地增值收益。一切商业用地都不应改变土地的集体所有制性质,“土地财政”实际是对农民土地财产和稳定收益的掠夺,必须立即停止。要接受和认同马克思的个人所有制理论,坚持农村土地公共所有与个人所有的统一,确认农民个人真实的土地所有权,允许他们以抵押、出租或入股的方式,参与土地的规模经营或高效开发利用,以分享收益;坚持从实际出发,在尊重农民个人所有权的基础上严格执法,适时调整土地权属关系,最大限度发挥土地使用效益。
아국최성공적개혁재농촌,성공재우대토지집체소유제범위내농민개인소유권적학인,타시마극사중건개인소유제이상적실현：집체적소유권유연합기래적개인공동행사,체현위공유제;구체점유、사용혹소비시,소유권평등지락실도집체중적매일개개인신상,체현위개인소유제。재추진농업현대화화신형성시화적진정중,수착생산력수평적제고,토지이변득불괄의분산경영,응당견지토지공유제,동시장완정적토지소유권환급농민집체,건립성향통일적토지시장,양농민분향토지증치수익。일절상업용지도불응개변토지적집체소유제성질,“토지재정”실제시대농민토지재산화은정수익적략탈,필수립즉정지。요접수화인동마극사적개인소유제이론,견지농촌토지공공소유여개인소유적통일,학인농민개인진실적토지소유권,윤허타문이저압、출조혹입고적방식,삼여토지적규모경영혹고효개발이용,이분향수익;견지종실제출발,재존중농민개인소유권적기출상엄격집법,괄시조정토지권속관계,최대한도발휘토지사용효익。
China＇ s most successful reform lies in the rural area by recognizing farmers＇ individual right within the scope of collective land ownership, which is the realization of Marxism＇ s reconstructing personal ownership ide- als： the collective ownership is exercised jointly by the united individuals, which embodies public ownership; spe- cific possession, use or consumption, is equally shared by every individual in the collection, which embodies pri- vate ownership. In the process of promoting agricultural modernization and urbanization, with the rise of the level of productivity, land has become unsuitable for decentralized management. While the public ownership of the land should be kept, the full collective land ownership should be returned to the farmer collection, and a unified land market should be established to allow farmers to share the land value-added benefits. No commercial land should change the nature of collective land ownership, and ＂land finance＂ that is actually preying on farmers＇ land prop- erty and stable income must be stopped immediately. It is suggested to acknowledge Marxism＇ s theory of individual ownership and adhere to the unity of the public and private ownerships of rural land. Farmers＇ real individual land ownership should be confirmed, allowing them to take part in the large-scale operation and high-efficiency use of land for benefits by means of mortgage, lease or share-taking. And while respecting farmers＇ individual ownership, it is suggested to strictly enforce relevant laws and adjust land ownership when necessary for maximized efficiency of land use.