中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2014年
2期
78~87
,共null页
灾赈积弊 防杜机制 甘肃 嘉庆朝
災賑積弊 防杜機製 甘肅 嘉慶朝
재진적폐 방두궤제 감숙 가경조
long-standing disaster relief malpractice; destroy evils before they become menacing; Gansu Province; Jiaqing dynasty
19世纪初，甘肃灾赈积弊重重，作弊的行为主体是官员、吏胥、乡保、灾民和奸商等；其它各省情形大致亦然。但在嘉庆十五年的甘肃灾赈中，陕甘总督那彦成本着“及早熟计，预为防范”和“随地制宜，杜渐防微”的宗旨，充分发挥属员的智库作用，最终建立了一套成功、有效的灾赈积弊防杜机制，总体上达到了灾赈预期目标，此情在清代中后期难得一见，此举也再次验证了荒政的实施“总以得人为第一要义”的历史定律。对相关问题的探讨，以期为今后的灾赈事宜提供些许借鉴。
19世紀初，甘肅災賑積弊重重，作弊的行為主體是官員、吏胥、鄉保、災民和姦商等；其它各省情形大緻亦然。但在嘉慶十五年的甘肅災賑中，陝甘總督那彥成本著“及早熟計，預為防範”和“隨地製宜，杜漸防微”的宗旨，充分髮揮屬員的智庫作用，最終建立瞭一套成功、有效的災賑積弊防杜機製，總體上達到瞭災賑預期目標，此情在清代中後期難得一見，此舉也再次驗證瞭荒政的實施“總以得人為第一要義”的歷史定律。對相關問題的探討，以期為今後的災賑事宜提供些許藉鑒。
19세기초，감숙재진적폐중중，작폐적행위주체시관원、리서、향보、재민화간상등；기타각성정형대치역연。단재가경십오년적감숙재진중，협감총독나언성본착“급조숙계，예위방범”화“수지제의，두점방미”적종지，충분발휘속원적지고작용，최종건립료일투성공、유효적재진적폐방두궤제，총체상체도료재진예기목표，차정재청대중후기난득일견，차거야재차험증료황정적실시“총이득인위제일요의”적역사정률。대상관문제적탐토，이기위금후적재진사의제공사허차감。
At the beginning of nineteenth century,the long-standing disaster relief malpractices are multiple in Gansu province, the main behaviors of cheating are the officials, petty officials, local constables and unscrupulous merchants, etc. and so in other provinces. For that reason, in the famine relief in Jiaqing fifteen years, Na yan-cheng, the governor of Shanxi and Gansu adheres to the principles of ＂adequately planning as soon as possible, preventing beforehand＂ and ＂acting according to circumstances, destroying evils before they become menacing＂, gives full play to his subordinates as the role of the think tank, he establishes a successful and effective mechanism, achieves the expected goal as a whole at last. This circumstances is rare in the times after Qianlong dynasty. This case explains once again the importance of talents for disaster relief. Through the discussion of relevant historical issues, the author hopes it can provide us useful experiences for disaster relief in the future.
