CAJ | 학술논문

由于诗、词、曲、赋等各体文字的普遍使用，“非整一性”成为长期以来西方学者对中国小说文体最主要的批评。一般所谓“中国小说”或“白话小说”，按其性质本应分为三类：一是“话本”，本质上是说唱艺术的文字遗存；二是“世代累积型”小说，亦本为说唱艺术，但大多经历了明清书商或文人程度不一的编改；三是明清文人独立创作的“文人小说”。故唯第三类才是真正意义的小说，西方学者的批评仅对应第三类才真正有效。诗、词、曲、赋等各体文字作为口头说唱艺术时本各有其用，在“文人小说”中此类文字在不同作品中，其文本“整一性”也各自不同。也就是说，如果我们将现存所谓“小说”还原至其所产生的历史语境，我们可能得到完全相反的结论。
유우시、사、곡、부등각체문자적보편사용，“비정일성”성위장기이래서방학자대중국소설문체최주요적비평。일반소위“중국소설”혹“백화소설”，안기성질본응분위삼류：일시“화본”，본질상시설창예술적문자유존；이시“세대루적형”소설，역본위설창예술，단대다경력료명청서상혹문인정도불일적편개；삼시명청문인독립창작적“문인소설”。고유제삼류재시진정의의적소설，서방학자적비평부대응제삼류재진정유효。시、사、곡、부등각체문자작위구두설창예술시본각유기용，재“문인소설”중차류문자재불동작품중，기문본“정일성”야각자불동。야취시설，여과아문장현존소위“소설”환원지기소산생적역사어경，아문가능득도완전상반적결론。
The heterogeneous text of Chinese classical fictions has been seen as the greatest short- coming of narration by some western scholars as shi, ci, qu, fu and other Chinese styles could be found in the same narrative text. The so-called Chinese classical fictions actually consist of three quite different kinds of text： the literal remains of the rap, the adaptions of the texts of the rap adapted by the literati and the stories created by the literati themselves. And the texts of the first two may truly be heterogeneous, but the third one may not be in that the fictionists of Ming Dynas- ty and Qing Dynasty have manifested their literary abilities by writing all the Chinese traditional styles and we should not only judge their fictions in the light of of narration, but also in the tradi- tion of Chinese literature.