CAJ | 학술논문

利用2008年中国经济普查整合数据库中企业层面的数据，本文分析了企业异质性、融资约束以及其他企业特征对中国制造业企业出口行为的影响。研究发现，Melitz（2003）的企业异质性理论模型不适用于中国的情形，“生产率悖论”存在于中国各所有制和各种规模的企业之中，生产率优势并不是中国企业进入出口市场的主要决定因素。企业的融资能力对其进入出口市场的影响十分显著，融资约束越弱的企业更可能出口，且出口更多。与中国的要素禀赋和比较优势相一致，劳动密集度越高的企业，出口可能性和出口密集度都更高。劳动力成本依然是中国企业，特别是私营企业和中小型企业获得出口竞争力优势的重要来源。在劳动力成本日益攀升的形势下，降低对私营企业的信贷歧视和增强中小型企业的融资能力，并提高私营企业和中小型企业的生产率水平，对于扩大中国的出口规模和增强中国企业的出口竞争力都具有重要意义。
이용2008년중국경제보사정합수거고중기업층면적수거，본문분석료기업이질성、융자약속이급기타기업특정대중국제조업기업출구행위적영향。연구발현，Melitz（2003）적기업이질성이론모형불괄용우중국적정형，“생산솔패론”존재우중국각소유제화각충규모적기업지중，생산솔우세병불시중국기업진입출구시장적주요결정인소。기업적융자능력대기진입출구시장적영향십분현저，융자약속월약적기업경가능출구，차출구경다。여중국적요소품부화비교우세상일치，노동밀집도월고적기업，출구가능성화출구밀집도도경고。노동력성본의연시중국기업，특별시사영기업화중소형기업획득출구경쟁력우세적중요래원。재노동력성본일익반승적형세하，강저대사영기업적신대기시화증강중소형기업적융자능력，병제고사영기업화중소형기업적생산솔수평，대우확대중국적출구규모화증강중국기업적출구경쟁력도구유중요의의。
This paper examines the effects of financing constraints, firm heterogeneity, and the other firm characteristics on firm exports of Chinese manufacturing by using 2008 China Economic Census Integration Database. The results show that Melitz （2003）model about firm heterogeneity does not apply to China, and the productivity paradox exists in all kind of ownership firms, and in all kind of scale firms. Productivity advantage is not the key determinant factor that Chinese firms enter into the export markets. The firm＇s financial ability affects the firm＇s entering the international markets significantly. The weaker firm＇s financing constraints are, the more firm＇s export is. Being consistent with Chinese factor endowment and comparative advantage, our results show that the higher firm＇s capital intensity is, the lower firm＇s export probability and export intensity are. On the contrary, the higher firm＇s labor intensity is, the higher firm＇s export probability and export intensity are. Labor force cost is still the important resource that Chinese firms obtain the export competitiveness, especially the private - owned enterprises and small and medium - sized enterprises. As the labor force cost is rising, it has important significance for expanding Chinese export and increasing the Chinese firm＇s export competitiveness, by reducing or eliminating the credit discrimination to the private - owned enterprises, enhancing the financial ability of small and medium - sized enterprises, and improving the productivity of the private - owned enterprises and the small and mediumsized enterprises.