CAJ | 학술논문

散客旅游是全球主流旅游方式，入境散客市场在中国入境旅游市场中也占据重要地位。文章主要采用问卷法采集数据。研究样本总量1451份，运用地图分析法研究旅华外国散客旅游流的分布和扩散规律，运用社会网络分析法研究旅华外国散客旅游流网络结构特征。研究发现：散客以北京、广州和上海为主要出入境口岸，以香港为辅助口岸，旅游线路以单目的地、短线为主，平均到访目的地数量较少；北京和广州是单目的地散客的主要旅游目的地；多点散客旅游流集中分布在中国人口线东南部，以“北京一西安”之间的流量最大，并形成了长三角、珠三角、川滇3个区域性集中分布区；散客旅游流网络规模较大，但网络密度较低，整体结构松散，发育程度较差；网络具有小世界特性；网络中的节点可以划分成综合性节点、枢纽节点、重要节点和一般节点4种角色类型。文章首次从宏观联系的视角对旅华外国散客旅游流进行了整体研究，丰富和拓展了中国入境旅游流研究内容。
산객여유시전구주류여유방식，입경산객시장재중국입경여유시장중야점거중요지위。문장주요채용문권법채집수거。연구양본총량1451빈，운용지도분석법연구려화외국산객여유류적분포화확산규률，운용사회망락분석법연구려화외국산객여유류망락결구특정。연구발현：산객이북경、엄주화상해위주요출입경구안，이향항위보조구안，여유선로이단목적지、단선위주，평균도방목적지수량교소；북경화엄주시단목적지산객적주요여유목적지；다점산객여유류집중분포재중국인구선동남부，이“북경일서안”지간적류량최대，병형성료장삼각、주삼각、천전3개구역성집중분포구；산객여유류망락규모교대，단망락밀도교저，정체결구송산，발육정도교차；망락구유소세계특성；망락중적절점가이화분성종합성절점、추뉴절점、중요절점화일반절점4충각색류형。문장수차종굉관련계적시각대려화외국산객여유류진행료정체연구，봉부화탁전료중국입경여유류연구내용。
Currently, independent travelling has become one of the global main ways to travel. By using the social network analysis and method of cartographic representation, this study was designed to identify the geographical distribution and network structure characteristics of inbound independent foreign tourist flows in China. Both surveys and interviews were conducted to collect data at 9 popular tourism destinations in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Xi＇an and so on. The results are as follows. Firstly, there are significant differences between independent tourist flows and group package tourist flows. In the independent tourist flow network, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are all core ports, while only Beijing and Shanghai are core ports in the group package tourist flow network. For foreign independent tourists, the Internet is the most important information source, while for the group package foreign tourists, both the Internet and travel agencies are important information sources. Communication, distance and transportation are the three main barriers for foreign independent tourists and group package tourists travelling around China. Compared with the group package tourists, it＇s much harder for the independent tourists to gather information about China. Most independent tourists are young people while most group package tourists are aged people. Secondly, most of the independent tourists visited one or a few destinations, and the average number of destinations they visited is 3.27, while the average number of destinations that the group package tourists visited is 4.64. Beijing and Guangzhou are extremely popular to the foreign independent tourists who visited only one destination. Thirdly, the foreign independent tourist flows distribute in the southeast of Hu Line, much more than that of the foreign group package tourist flows. Destinations are more visited by the foreign independent tourist flows than group package tourist flows in each province of China. Three regional concentrated distribution areas of foreign independent tourist flows are formed： Yangtze River delta, Pearl River delta and Sichuan-Yunnan region. Meanwhile, Taipei appears in the destinations of China Tour. On the national scale, a majority of tourist flows are travelled between Beijing and Xi＇ an, Beijing and Shanghai, while in Yangtze River delta, between Shanghai and Suzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou, and in Pearl River delta, between Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Fourthly, the network of inbound foreign independent tourist flows is proved to be a small-world network, with short average path length of 2.434, and high clustering coefficient of 0.607.The nodes in the network of inbound foreign independent tourist flows were divided into four types： comprehensive nodes, hub nodes, important nodes, and common nodes. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong are comprehensive nodes, Xi＇ an, Guilin, Chengdu and Hangzhou are hub nodes; Kunming, Shenzhen, Yangshuo, Dalian, Chongqing, Nanjing, Xiamen, Lijiang, Suzhou, Wuhan, Macao, Qindao, Ningbo, Dali, Urumchi and Zhangjiajie are important nodes and the remainders are fringe nodes.