CAJ | 학술논문

基于新兴古典经济学模型的微观框架，本文在二元经济结构背景下以农村劳动力向城市转移作为切入点，研究城乡二元转换过程中劳动收入占比演变规律。一方面，当市场化改革推动产品和劳动市场交易效率达到足够高时，农村劳动力有动力转变为“全职工人”，而在劳动市场“谈判能力”方面具有绝对优势的厂商却有动力只招聘“兼业工人”，并维持农村剩余劳动力的存在来巩固自己的优势地位；另一方面，劳动收入占比随着市场化改革中产品和劳动市场交易效率的提高而下降。上述两方面共同促成了中国劳动收入占比的下降。对此，提高农村劳动力在劳动市场上的“谈判能力”，转变分工结构，以实现农村剩余劳动力和“兼业工人”向“专业农民”和“全职工人”转变，能够减弱在市场化程度较高时进一步的市场化改革对劳动收入占比的负面效应．提高劳动收入占比水平。
기우신흥고전경제학모형적미관광가，본문재이원경제결구배경하이농촌노동력향성시전이작위절입점，연구성향이원전환과정중노동수입점비연변규률。일방면，당시장화개혁추동산품화노동시장교역효솔체도족구고시，농촌노동력유동력전변위“전직공인”，이재노동시장“담판능력”방면구유절대우세적엄상각유동력지초빙“겸업공인”，병유지농촌잉여노동력적존재래공고자기적우세지위；령일방면，노동수입점비수착시장화개혁중산품화노동시장교역효솔적제고이하강。상술량방면공동촉성료중국노동수입점비적하강。대차，제고농촌노동력재노동시장상적“담판능력”，전변분공결구，이실현농촌잉여노동력화“겸업공인”향“전업농민”화“전직공인”전변，능구감약재시장화정도교고시진일보적시장화개혁대노동수입점비적부면효응．제고노동수입점비수평。
Based on the micro - framework of the new classical economics, we use the migration of suburbanites to the urban setting on the background of China＇ s dual economic structure as the entry point to study labor income share dynamics. On the one hand, when transaction efficiency in the product and labor markets is highly promoted by the market - oriented reforms, the rural laborer has incentive to become a full -time worker, while the firm which has an absolute advantage of bargaining power in the labor market prefers to recruit part -time workers and chooses to maintain the existence of surplus rural labor force to consolidate its dominant position; on the other hand, the labor income share decreases with the increase of transaction efficiency in product and labor markets. The above two points contribute together to the decline of labor income share in China. Therefore, improving bargaining power of the rural labor force and changing division structure in the labor market help to realize the shift from surplus rural labor force and part -time workers to professional farmers and full -time workers, which can not only weaken the negative effects of further market -oriented reforms on labor income share but also actually increase the labor income share.