河北法学
河北法學
하북법학
Hebei Law Science
2014年
5期
180~186
,共null页
国际海上运输 违约诉因 侵权诉因 法律解释 侵权与违约
國際海上運輸 違約訴因 侵權訴因 法律解釋 侵權與違約
국제해상운수 위약소인 침권소인 법률해석 침권여위약
carriage of goods by sea; breach of contract cause of action; tort cause of action; law interpretation; infringement and breach
从法律解释上看,《汉堡规则》、《海商法》、《鹿特丹规则》都没有赋予货方对承运人、实际承运人﹙海运履约方﹚任意选择诉因的权利。交货托运人、提单持有人、收货人等对承运人的诉因一般为违约,只有符合《合同法》第122条规定时才会出现侵权与违约的普通诉因竞合,这一竞合有比较严格的限制。适用我国《海商法》时,基于实际承运人责任的法定性,货方对其诉因一般为侵权,少数情况下才会出现诉因选择权。
從法律解釋上看,《漢堡規則》、《海商法》、《鹿特丹規則》都沒有賦予貨方對承運人、實際承運人﹙海運履約方﹚任意選擇訴因的權利。交貨託運人、提單持有人、收貨人等對承運人的訴因一般為違約,隻有符閤《閤同法》第122條規定時纔會齣現侵權與違約的普通訴因競閤,這一競閤有比較嚴格的限製。適用我國《海商法》時,基于實際承運人責任的法定性,貨方對其訴因一般為侵權,少數情況下纔會齣現訴因選擇權。
종법률해석상간,《한보규칙》、《해상법》、《록특단규칙》도몰유부여화방대승운인、실제승운인﹙해운리약방﹚임의선택소인적권리。교화탁운인、제단지유인、수화인등대승운인적소인일반위위약,지유부합《합동법》제122조규정시재회출현침권여위약적보통소인경합,저일경합유비교엄격적한제。괄용아국《해상법》시,기우실제승운인책임적법정성,화방대기소인일반위침권,소수정황하재회출현소인선택권。
Base on law interpretation, under Hamburg Rules, Chinese Maritime Code and Rotterdam Rules, the cargo owner parties have no right to choose cause of action against carriers, actual carriers and maritime performing parties. Actual consignors, holders of bill of lading and consignees＇cause of action against carriers is generally breach of contract, there is only common cause of action concurrence between breach of contract and tort when the case is accord with article 122 of Chinese Contract Code, and this common cause of action concurrence should be limited strictly. Under Chinese Maritime Code, base on the statutory characteristic of actual carriers＂ liabilities or maritime performing parties＂ liabilities, cargo owner parties＇cause of action against actual carriers or maritime pertbrming parties is usually tort, and there is right to choose cause of action in only few situations.
