CAJ | 학술논문

小额信贷机构以扶贫和服务低收入群体为社会目标，随着商业化趋势的不断演进，小额信贷机构为了实现自身财务的可持续发展，出现使命偏移问题。文章系统梳理了小额信贷机构使命偏移的相关研究，认为单纯以平均贷款额度作为衡量指标不够完善，需要完善衡量指标；小额信贷商业化、机构规模扩张和贫困人群自我排除等则是小额信贷机构出现使命偏移的主要原因，在总结相关实证研究的基础上，得出完善机构治理结构、降低交易成本和加强社会绩效管理等能够有效治理使命偏移问题。结合中国发展普惠金融的现实背景，认为避免小额信贷“使命偏移”是真正实现普惠金融的关键问题，从理论和实践两方面提出未来深入研究的重点。
소액신대궤구이부빈화복무저수입군체위사회목표，수착상업화추세적불단연진，소액신대궤구위료실현자신재무적가지속발전，출현사명편이문제。문장계통소리료소액신대궤구사명편이적상관연구，인위단순이평균대관액도작위형량지표불구완선，수요완선형량지표；소액신대상업화、궤구규모확장화빈곤인군자아배제등칙시소액신대궤구출현사명편이적주요원인，재총결상관실증연구적기출상，득출완선궤구치리결구、강저교역성본화가강사회적효관리등능구유효치리사명편이문제。결합중국발전보혜금융적현실배경，인위피면소액신대“사명편이”시진정실현보혜금융적관건문제，종이론화실천량방면제출미래심입연구적중점。
MFIs＇ social goals are lending to alleviate poverty and serve low-income groups. However, with the evolution of the commercial trend, in order to achieve sustainable development of their own finances, MFIs＇ mis- sion appears offset. The paper systematically reviews the research about mission drift of MFIs, and then considers that we need to improve the measurement indicators instead of purely using average loan amount to measure mis- sion drift of MFIs. The main reasons why MFIs appear mission drift are microfinance commercialization, organiza- tion scale expansion and poor self-exclusion mechanism, etc. In summary, based on empirical research, the paper considers improving institutional governance structure, reducing transaction costs and enhancing social performance management can effectively manage mission offset of MFIs. Combined with the realistic background for develop- ment of inclusive financial in China, avoiding mission drift of MFIs is the key issue of truly inclusive finance. From both theoretical and practical aspects, the paper puts forward the focuses of exhaustive study in future.