CAJ | 학술논문

气候变化造成的损失与危害已经威胁到人类的可持续发展。国际多边框架下减缓与适应工作进展缓慢．应对气候变化损失与危害国际机制作为潜在的直接解决方案日益引起科学界和决策者的重视。本文回顾了气候变化损失与危害国际机制的由来。深入分析了气候变化损失与危害国际机制的内涵．梳理出国内应对气候变化损失与危害相关工作的现状，主要包括国家财政转移支付、社会捐助制度和自然灾害保险。总结出其对我国应对气候变化损失与危害工作的启示，并提出国内应对气候变化损失与危害工作的对策与建议：构建我国应对气候变化损失与损害框架系统。建立国内应对气候变化损失与危害相关的政府财政转移支付、救灾捐赠体系和农业灾害保险等的整合机制；充分利用气候变化损失与危害机制中的保险工具．重点发展巨灾类保险产品的研究与开发，适度增加政府的引导和财政支持力度，不断扩大气候灾害保险的覆盖度和受益度；加强国内重点区域和领域的气候变化风险管理，通过建立完善的风险预估、灾前预瞀、灾中救助和灾后恢复等机制，有效降低重点区域和领域的气候灾害风险；开展气候变化损失与危害机制的科学基础研究．加强损失与危害评估理论、方法和数据获取等方面的研究；酱惕气候变化损失与危害机制带来的出资压力．明确我国是发展中国家的定位，不能承担与发达国家“具有同等能力”的责任，并制定损失与危害机制谈判中“污染者付费”责任的应对策略。
기후변화조성적손실여위해이경위협도인류적가지속발전。국제다변광가하감완여괄응공작진전완만．응대기후변화손실여위해국제궤제작위잠재적직접해결방안일익인기과학계화결책자적중시。본문회고료기후변화손실여위해국제궤제적유래。심입분석료기후변화손실여위해국제궤제적내함．소리출국내응대기후변화손실여위해상관공작적현상，주요포괄국가재정전이지부、사회연조제도화자연재해보험。총결출기대아국응대기후변화손실여위해공작적계시，병제출국내응대기후변화손실여위해공작적대책여건의：구건아국응대기후변화손실여손해광가계통。건입국내응대기후변화손실여위해상관적정부재정전이지부、구재연증체계화농업재해보험등적정합궤제；충분이용기후변화손실여위해궤제중적보험공구．중점발전거재류보험산품적연구여개발，괄도증가정부적인도화재정지지력도，불단확대기후재해보험적복개도화수익도；가강국내중점구역화영역적기후변화풍험관리，통과건립완선적풍험예고、재전예무、재중구조화재후회복등궤제，유효강저중점구역화영역적기후재해풍험；개전기후변화손실여위해궤제적과학기출연구．가강손실여위해평고이론、방법화수거획취등방면적연구；장척기후변화손실여위해궤제대래적출자압력．명학아국시발전중국가적정위，불능승담여발체국가“구유동등능력”적책임，병제정손실여위해궤제담판중“오염자부비”책임적응대책략。
The losses and damage of climate change has threaten the human being＇s sustainable development. The progress on mitigation and adaptation under the international multilateral mechanism were slow. The international mechanism on addressing losses and damage of climate change, as a potential direct solution, has aroused attention of scientific community and policy-makers. This paper reviewed development of international mechanism on addressing losses and damage, profoundly analyzed the connotation of international mechanism on addressing losses and damage, described the relative domestic work status, summed the enlightenment form international mechanism on addressing losses and damage of climate change to China＇s domestic works, and proposed the strategy on addressing losses and damage of climate change in China, including to： construct framework of addressing loss and damage on climate change in China, and form integrated mechanism on government financial transfer payment, relief donation system and agricultural disaster insurance; make full use of insurance tool related to mechanism on addressing loss and damage of climate change, focus on development catastrophe insurance products, moderate increase government guidance and financial support, expand coverage and benefit from climate disaster insurance; enhance climate change risk management in key areas, establish mechanism on risk forecast, pre-disaster warning, disaster relief and post-disaster recovel to effectively reduce climate disaster risk in key areas; develop R＆D on mechanism on loss and damage of climate change, especially on theory and methods on loss and damage assessment and data acquisition; alert the founding pressure caused by mechanism on loss and damage of climate change, highlight China, as a developing country, cannot undertake responsibility equal with developed countries, and develop the addressing strategy in climate negotiation.