中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2014年
5期
19~24
,共null页
气候变化 农业 适应措施 对策
氣候變化 農業 適應措施 對策
기후변화 농업 괄응조시 대책
climate change; agriculture ; adaptive measure ; countermeasure
农业是对气候变化反应最为敏感和脆弱的领域之一,任何程度的气候变化都会给农业生产及其相关过程带来潜在的或显著的影响.而提高适应能力是农业领域应对气候变化的主要对策。气候变化对农业领域的主要影响包括:气候变暖使我国年平均气温上升.农业生产所需的热量资源都有不同程度的增加,延长了气候生长季,气候变化对农业气候资源产生影响;气候变化使我国的种植制度和农业布局发生改变。导致种植区和种植制度分界线北移;气候变化对农作物产量和品质产生影响;气候变化还对农业旱涝及病虫害等气候灾害及粮食安全和农产品贸易产生影响。中国幅员辽阔,受气候变化影响的农业领域区域差异特征显著,开展适应措施与对策研究已成为农业领域科学应对气候变化的重要内容。当前主要适应技术措施包括:调整农业种植制度和布局;选育优良农作物品种:加强农业气候灾害防控;加强农业基础设施建设等。在此基础上,本文分析了农业领域在适应气候变化中存在适应技术薄弱分散。尚未建立完善的适应技术清单;评估方法中缺少对适应技术的成本效益分析以及资金和政策障碍等问题。提出将来应对气候变化中农业领域适应技术措施的发展趋势和方向。主要包括通过对气候变化影响的科学系统研究,减少不确定性,提升农业在全球气候谈判中地位:建立适应技术清单和技术集成体系以及建立科学选择和评估适应技术的方法步骤,在一定程度上通过增强适应能力来减轻气候变化的不利影响。以促进我国农业的可持续发展。
農業是對氣候變化反應最為敏感和脆弱的領域之一,任何程度的氣候變化都會給農業生產及其相關過程帶來潛在的或顯著的影響.而提高適應能力是農業領域應對氣候變化的主要對策。氣候變化對農業領域的主要影響包括:氣候變暖使我國年平均氣溫上升.農業生產所需的熱量資源都有不同程度的增加,延長瞭氣候生長季,氣候變化對農業氣候資源產生影響;氣候變化使我國的種植製度和農業佈跼髮生改變。導緻種植區和種植製度分界線北移;氣候變化對農作物產量和品質產生影響;氣候變化還對農業旱澇及病蟲害等氣候災害及糧食安全和農產品貿易產生影響。中國幅員遼闊,受氣候變化影響的農業領域區域差異特徵顯著,開展適應措施與對策研究已成為農業領域科學應對氣候變化的重要內容。噹前主要適應技術措施包括:調整農業種植製度和佈跼;選育優良農作物品種:加彊農業氣候災害防控;加彊農業基礎設施建設等。在此基礎上,本文分析瞭農業領域在適應氣候變化中存在適應技術薄弱分散。尚未建立完善的適應技術清單;評估方法中缺少對適應技術的成本效益分析以及資金和政策障礙等問題。提齣將來應對氣候變化中農業領域適應技術措施的髮展趨勢和方嚮。主要包括通過對氣候變化影響的科學繫統研究,減少不確定性,提升農業在全毬氣候談判中地位:建立適應技術清單和技術集成體繫以及建立科學選擇和評估適應技術的方法步驟,在一定程度上通過增彊適應能力來減輕氣候變化的不利影響。以促進我國農業的可持續髮展。
농업시대기후변화반응최위민감화취약적영역지일,임하정도적기후변화도회급농업생산급기상관과정대래잠재적혹현저적영향.이제고괄응능력시농업영역응대기후변화적주요대책。기후변화대농업영역적주요영향포괄:기후변난사아국년평균기온상승.농업생산소수적열량자원도유불동정도적증가,연장료기후생장계,기후변화대농업기후자원산생영향;기후변화사아국적충식제도화농업포국발생개변。도치충식구화충식제도분계선북이;기후변화대농작물산량화품질산생영향;기후변화환대농업한로급병충해등기후재해급양식안전화농산품무역산생영향。중국폭원료활,수기후변화영향적농업영역구역차이특정현저,개전괄응조시여대책연구이성위농업영역과학응대기후변화적중요내용。당전주요괄응기술조시포괄:조정농업충식제도화포국;선육우량농작물품충:가강농업기후재해방공;가강농업기출설시건설등。재차기출상,본문분석료농업영역재괄응기후변화중존재괄응기술박약분산。상미건립완선적괄응기술청단;평고방법중결소대괄응기술적성본효익분석이급자금화정책장애등문제。제출장래응대기후변화중농업영역괄응기술조시적발전추세화방향。주요포괄통과대기후변화영향적과학계통연구,감소불학정성,제승농업재전구기후담판중지위:건립괄응기술청단화기술집성체계이급건립과학선택화평고괄응기술적방법보취,재일정정도상통과증강괄응능력래감경기후변화적불리영향。이촉진아국농업적가지속발전。
Agriculture is one of the most sensitive and fragile field to climate change, and any degree of climate change would have potential and significant effect on agricultural production and its related process. Improving agricultural adaptability to climate change is one of the main countermeasures. The effects of climate change on the agricultural fields include : the climate warming make mean annual temperature increase, heat resources required by agriculture increase and the climate growing season prolonges, and climate change has impacts on agricultural climate resource;climate change changes planting system and agriculture distribution and the dividing line and system of planting area move to north ; climate change exerts effects on agricultural production and quality ; climate change exerts effects on agricultural drought and flood disasters, agricultural insects, food security and agricultural products trade. The effect of climate change on Chinese agriculture has outstanding regional differences in China due to a vast territory. Therefore, developing the research of adaptive measures and countermeasures is an important content for agriculture coping with climate change. At present, the main adaptive technology and measures include: adjusting planting system and distribution, selecting good crop variety, strengthening agricultural climate disaster control and enhancing agricultural infrastructure construction. On this basis, it analyzes the main effects on agriculture of climate change and the main adaptive technical measures at present; it also explores the main problems adaptive to climate change for agriculture, such as weakness and dispersion of adaptive technology, having not established adaptive technology list, lack of cost effectiveness analysis method for adaptive technology and capital and policy obstacles, etc. It puts forward the developing trend and direction of adaptive technology for agriculture coping with climate change, which include decreasing uncertainty of agriculture by system study of climate change effects, raising its position in global climate negotiation, establishing adaptive technology list and technology integration system, and establishing methods and steps of scientifically selecting and evaluating adaptive technology. Through measures above, the negative effects of climate change on agriculture would be reduced by improving agricultural adaptability and Chinese agriculture will develop sustainably.