CAJ | 학술논문

随着污染物总量控制手段在我国的不断推进与深化。不同区域问污染物总量控制目标的公平合理分配方法是目前污染物总量管理研究的热点。文章从公平性的角度出发，充分考虑社会经济发展水平、水污染物削减潜力、主体功能区类型环境目标约束、水环境质量及资源禀赋等方面的差异，构建国家水污染物总量控制目标分配指标体系．利用熵值法与改进等比例分配相结合的方法对2015年国家COD和氨氨总量控制目标进行省级行政单元分配。结果显示。COD和氨氮在各省市自治区的削减目标分配特征基本一致。但削减率存在明显的地区差异。削减率较高的地区主要集中在东部的北京、天津、上海、河北、山东、浙江和广东等地以及中西部的山西、陕西、宁夏和青海等部分地区，其COD和氨氦削减率高于全国平均削减率，分别介于9．1％-14．1％和11．0％-21．8％。这主要与其主体功能区的发展要求、经济发展水平、污染治理水平和水环境质量状况等因素有关。削减率较低的地区主要集中在西部的西藏、新疆、甘肃、贵州和云南等地以及东部的福建和江苏等部分发达地区，其COD和氨氮削减率低于全国平均削减率。分别介于4．7％-7．7％和6．6％-9．5％。其中。西部五省区较低的削减率与其较小的水环境压力、较高的主体功能区环境目标约束有关，东部两省因其污染治理水平较高，削减率略低于全国平均削减水平。从COD和氨氮分配结果来看，符合不同主体功能区类型对水环境质量的要求以及污染减排的最终目的。该分配方法体系，在考虑公平的基础上同时兼顾了地区之间的差异性，为我国在不同区域间进行污染物总量控制目标分配提供了新的思路，对于实现不同地区间协同控制以及水环境质量的改善具有重要的指导意义。隨著汙染物總量控製手段在我國的不斷推進與深化。不同區域問汙染物總量控製目標的公平閤理分配方法是目前汙染物總量管理研究的熱點。文章從公平性的角度齣髮，充分攷慮社會經濟髮展水平、水汙染物削減潛力、主體功能區類型環境目標約束、水環境質量及資源稟賦等方麵的差異，構建國傢水汙染物總量控製目標分配指標體繫．利用熵值法與改進等比例分配相結閤的方法對2015年國傢COD和氨氨總量控製目標進行省級行政單元分配。結果顯示。COD和氨氮在各省市自治區的削減目標分配特徵基本一緻。但削減率存在明顯的地區差異。削減率較高的地區主要集中在東部的北京、天津、上海、河北、山東、浙江和廣東等地以及中西部的山西、陝西、寧夏和青海等部分地區，其COD和氨氦削減率高于全國平均削減率，分彆介于9．1％-14．1％和11．0％-21．8％。這主要與其主體功能區的髮展要求、經濟髮展水平、汙染治理水平和水環境質量狀況等因素有關。削減率較低的地區主要集中在西部的西藏、新疆、甘肅、貴州和雲南等地以及東部的福建和江囌等部分髮達地區，其COD和氨氮削減率低于全國平均削減率。分彆介于4．7％-7．7％和6．6％-9．5％。其中。西部五省區較低的削減率與其較小的水環境壓力、較高的主體功能區環境目標約束有關，東部兩省因其汙染治理水平較高，削減率略低于全國平均削減水平。從COD和氨氮分配結果來看，符閤不同主體功能區類型對水環境質量的要求以及汙染減排的最終目的。該分配方法體繫，在攷慮公平的基礎上同時兼顧瞭地區之間的差異性，為我國在不同區域間進行汙染物總量控製目標分配提供瞭新的思路，對于實現不同地區間協同控製以及水環境質量的改善具有重要的指導意義。
수착오염물총량공제수단재아국적불단추진여심화。불동구역문오염물총량공제목표적공평합리분배방법시목전오염물총량관리연구적열점。문장종공평성적각도출발，충분고필사회경제발전수평、수오염물삭감잠력、주체공능구류형배경목표약속、수배경질량급자원품부등방면적차이，구건국가수오염물총량공제목표분배지표체계．이용적치법여개진등비례분배상결합적방법대2015년국가COD화안안총량공제목표진행성급행정단원분배。결과현시。COD화안담재각성시자치구적삭감목표분배특정기본일치。단삭감솔존재명현적지구차이。삭감솔교고적지구주요집중재동부적북경、천진、상해、하북、산동、절강화엄동등지이급중서부적산서、협서、저하화청해등부분지구，기COD화안양삭감솔고우전국평균삭감솔，분별개우9．1％-14．1％화11．0％-21．8％。저주요여기주체공능구적발전요구、경제발전수평、오염치리수평화수배경질량상황등인소유관。삭감솔교저적지구주요집중재서부적서장、신강、감숙、귀주화운남등지이급동부적복건화강소등부분발체지구，기COD화안담삭감솔저우전국평균삭감솔。분별개우4．7％-7．7％화6．6％-9．5％。기중。서부오성구교저적삭감솔여기교소적수배경압력、교고적주체공능구배경목표약속유관，동부량성인기오염치리수평교고，삭감솔략저우전국평균삭감수평。종COD화안담분배결과래간，부합불동주체공능구류형대수배경질량적요구이급오염감배적최종목적。해분배방법체계，재고필공평적기출상동시겸고료지구지간적차이성，위아국재불동구역간진행오염물총량공제목표분배제공료신적사로，대우실현불동지구간협동공제이급수배경질량적개선구유중요적지도의의。
As pollution reduction efforts promoting and deepening in China, how to allocate the total amount controlling objectives of pollutants fairly and reasonably among different regions has become the focus of pollutants total amount management research. From the view of regional equity, an allocation index system for the total amount controlling objectives of the China＇ s water pollutions was established, on the full consideration to the differences in economic developments, pollution control capabilities, environmental goals of the national main function regions planning, water quality and natural resources endowment. Entropy weighting method and improved proportional distribution method were applied to allocate the national total amount controlling objectives of COD and NH3-N of the year 2015 between provinces. The results show that the characteristics of the COD reduction allocation are basically consistent with NH3-N, but the regional differences of reducing rate are obvious. The reducing rate is usually higher than the national average in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and Guangdong in Eastern regions, and Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Qinghai in Midwest regions, which is mainly associated with development goals of the national main function regions, level of economic development, level of pollution control, and water environmental quality. The reducing rates of COD and NH3-N are between 9.1% - 14.1% and 11.0% -21.8% in these regions, respectively. The reducing rate is usually lower than the national average in Xizang, Xinjiang, Gansu, Guizhou and Yunnan in Western regions because of their lower water environment pressure and higher environmental goals of the national main function regions. The reducing rate is also lower in Fujian and Jiangsu in Eastern developed regions because of their higher pollution control level. The reducing rates of COD and NH3-N are between 4.7% -7.7% and 6.6% -9.5% in these regions, respectively. The allocation results of COD and NH3-N can meet the water environmental goals of the national main function regions and the ultimate aim of pollution reduction. The allocation methods system, taking into account the differences between provinces, can provide a new way for total amount controlling objectives allocation of pollutants among different regions in China. It＇ s significant for collaboration of different regions and improvement of water quality to imply the allocation methods system.