CAJ | 학술논문

海域征收从法律属性上应属于公益征收行为．公共利益之考量必然成为海域征收中无法回避的前置性问题。“公共利益”是法学研究中的重要概念．无论在学说还是判例上。它一直被作为一般法律所追求的基本目标。尽管我国《宪法》、《物权法》、《海域使用管理法》明确规定海域征收必须始于公共利益之目的。但由于法律对公共利益内涵或范围缺乏明确界定，海域征收实践中又缺失有效的程序规制和司法监督．极易导致相关行政部门在“征海”决策中借公共利益之名谋取海域增值利益、侵害海域使用人合法权益。我国海域征收既缺失对公共利益内涵及其外延范围的具体立法界定。又缺少关于公共利益认定的必要的正当程序规制。因此，在法律层面解决对公共利益语焉不详并辅之以必要程序规制。是从源头上阻断政府部门非法征海、保护海域使用权人合法权益的必要选择。基于我国当前海域征收中公共利益立法界定所存在问题的分析和域外关于公共利益界定立法例的考察。提出完善海域征收中公共利益界定的立法路径：对公共利益内涵化基础上。采取渐进立法方式对公共利益加以类型化以明晰其外延范围；在县级以上人大常委会设立专门征收审查委员会。改变海域征收中公共利益认定主体不清或由行政权主导海域征收中公共利益认定的现状；遵循正当程序要求。确立并完善海域征收公众参与与信息公开制度，建立海域征收决策公正透明的程序化保障机制。二者有机结合、相辅相成。是有效解决当前我国海域征收实践中公共利益界定问题的可行立法路径选择。
해역정수종법률속성상응속우공익정수행위．공공이익지고량필연성위해역정수중무법회피적전치성문제。“공공이익”시법학연구중적중요개념．무론재학설환시판례상。타일직피작위일반법률소추구적기본목표。진관아국《헌법》、《물권법》、《해역사용관리법》명학규정해역정수필수시우공공이익지목적。단유우법률대공공이익내함혹범위결핍명학계정，해역정수실천중우결실유효적정서규제화사법감독．겁역도치상관행정부문재“정해”결책중차공공이익지명모취해역증치이익、침해해역사용인합법권익。아국해역정수기결실대공공이익내함급기외연범위적구체입법계정。우결소관우공공이익인정적필요적정당정서규제。인차，재법률층면해결대공공이익어언불상병보지이필요정서규제。시종원두상조단정부부문비법정해、보호해역사용권인합법권익적필요선택。기우아국당전해역정수중공공이익입법계정소존재문제적분석화역외관우공공이익계정입법례적고찰。제출완선해역정수중공공이익계정적입법로경：대공공이익내함화기출상。채취점진입법방식대공공이익가이류형화이명석기외연범위；재현급이상인대상위회설립전문정수심사위원회。개변해역정수중공공이익인정주체불청혹유행정권주도해역정수중공공이익인정적현상；준순정당정서요구。학립병완선해역정수공음삼여여신식공개제도，건립해역정수결책공정투명적정서화보장궤제。이자유궤결합、상보상성。시유효해결당전아국해역정수실천중공공이익계정문제적가행입법로경선택。
The legal nature of sea area expropriation should belong to public expropriation. Public interest consideration must be a preissue that can not be avoided in the sea area expropriation. ＇ Public interest＇ is an important concept in jurisprudence ; it has been used as the basic goal by law whether in theory or case. Although China＇ s ＇ constitution＇ , ＇ property law＇ and ＇ sea area utilization management law＇ stipulate the intent of sea area expropriation must begin with public interest, relevant administrative departments often figure for sea value-added benefits through its decision-making by the name of the public interest for the deficiency of the public interest connotation or range and the lack of effective regulation and the judicial supervision procedure. Based on the problems of our current legislation and the extraterritorial legislations on public interest, we propose the legislative route choice about the circumscription of public interest in the sea area expropriation： On basis of clearly defining the meaning of public interest, categorize public interest to clarify its extension by a gradual approach; establish a specialized Expropriation Review Committee at or above the county level people＇ s Congress Standing Committee and perfect the public participation and information disclosure system following the fundamental requirement of due process. The two integrates organically and complements each other, which is a feasible legislative path choice to solute the definition of public interest in sea area expropriation effectively.