中国人民大学学报
中國人民大學學報
중국인민대학학보
Journal of Renmin University of China
2014年
3期
8~18
,共null页
张林秀 易红梅 罗仁福 刘承芳 史耀疆 斯科特·罗斯高
張林秀 易紅梅 囉仁福 劉承芳 史耀疆 斯科特·囉斯高
장림수 역홍매 라인복 류승방 사요강 사과특·라사고
中等收入陷阱 国际经验 中国案例 人力资本 农村中小学教育
中等收入陷阱 國際經驗 中國案例 人力資本 農村中小學教育
중등수입함정 국제경험 중국안례 인력자본 농촌중소학교육
middle-income trap; international school experiences; China case; human capital; rural primary
与其他中等收入国家一样,中国在经济增长速度开始放缓的情况下,正面临陷入中等收入陷阱的风险。对跨越或陷入中等收入陷阱的一些国家的经验和教训的分析表明,一国的人力资本投资政策对未来收入分配差距的缩小和经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义。中国目前存在严重的人力资本不平等问题,特别是在农村贫困地区,除了结构性和体制性障碍阻止学生在学校获得将来所需的必要能力外,严重的营养和健康问题也限制了学生人力资本的提升。如果这些问题不能得到解决,就将会在中国农村贫困地区造成严重的人力资本匮乏,并使得不平等问题在未来数十年内难以解决。因此,中国应着手解决农村贫困地区教育、健康、视力低下和营养等问题,以避免在未来落入中等收入陷阱。
與其他中等收入國傢一樣,中國在經濟增長速度開始放緩的情況下,正麵臨陷入中等收入陷阱的風險。對跨越或陷入中等收入陷阱的一些國傢的經驗和教訓的分析錶明,一國的人力資本投資政策對未來收入分配差距的縮小和經濟的可持續髮展具有重要的意義。中國目前存在嚴重的人力資本不平等問題,特彆是在農村貧睏地區,除瞭結構性和體製性障礙阻止學生在學校穫得將來所需的必要能力外,嚴重的營養和健康問題也限製瞭學生人力資本的提升。如果這些問題不能得到解決,就將會在中國農村貧睏地區造成嚴重的人力資本匱乏,併使得不平等問題在未來數十年內難以解決。因此,中國應著手解決農村貧睏地區教育、健康、視力低下和營養等問題,以避免在未來落入中等收入陷阱。
여기타중등수입국가일양,중국재경제증장속도개시방완적정황하,정면림함입중등수입함정적풍험。대과월혹함입중등수입함정적일사국가적경험화교훈적분석표명,일국적인력자본투자정책대미래수입분배차거적축소화경제적가지속발전구유중요적의의。중국목전존재엄중적인력자본불평등문제,특별시재농촌빈곤지구,제료결구성화체제성장애조지학생재학교획득장래소수적필요능력외,엄중적영양화건강문제야한제료학생인력자본적제승。여과저사문제불능득도해결,취장회재중국농촌빈곤지구조성엄중적인력자본궤핍,병사득불평등문제재미래수십년내난이해결。인차,중국응착수해결농촌빈곤지구교육、건강、시력저하화영양등문제,이피면재미래락입중등수입함정。
China, like other middle-income countries, is facing the challenge of falling into middle-in come trap when the economic growth slows down. By examining systematically the characteristics of countries that have successfully graduated from middle to high income (Graduates) and those that are attempting to do so now (Aspirees), this paper concludes that investment into human capital is a key to manage it's future income inequality and ensure sustained development of the economy. China cur- rently faces huge inequality in human capital, especially in poor rural areas. In discussing the sources of the human capital inequality, in addition to structural and institutional barriers that are discouraging many students (and their parents) from staying in school to achieve the levels of learning that we be- lieve are necessary for preparing individuals for employment in the coming decades, we also identify severe nutritional and health problems, which we believe (unless addressed) are creating serious China's human capital deficiencies in poor areas of rural China and locking in decades of hard-to-address inequality. The paper ends with a call for leaders in China (and countries at the same level of income of China) to launch immediately a war on poor education, health, vision care and nutrition as one step in helping such nations avoid the middle-income trap in the coming years.