CAJ | 학술논문

通过考察时间距离、社会距离和概率距离对跨期选择和风险选择的影响，探究跨期选择和风险选择心理过程的相似性，并检验不同心理距离影响决策的相似性。结果发现，无论是时间距离（实验1）、社会距离（实验2）、还是概率距离（实验3），心理距离越远，被试在跨期选择中越倾向于延迟选项，在风险选择中越倾向于风险选项。研究认为，在跨期选择和风险选择中，选项的表征结构和选项整体评价时不同选项特征的相对权重具有相似性。随着心理距离增加，与高识解相联系的金额特征的相对权重增加，与低识解相联系的时间和概率特征的相对权重降低，这使得被试更倾向于选择金额较大的延迟和风险选项。同时，研究发现三类心理距离对两类决策有相似影响，进一步验证了不同心理距离的本质相似性。
통과고찰시간거리、사회거리화개솔거리대과기선택화풍험선택적영향，탐구과기선택화풍험선택심리과정적상사성，병검험불동심리거리영향결책적상사성。결과발현，무론시시간거리（실험1）、사회거리（실험2）、환시개솔거리（실험3），심리거리월원，피시재과기선택중월경향우연지선항，재풍험선택중월경향우풍험선항。연구인위，재과기선택화풍험선택중，선항적표정결구화선항정체평개시불동선항특정적상대권중구유상사성。수착심리거리증가，여고식해상련계적금액특정적상대권중증가，여저식해상련계적시간화개솔특정적상대권중강저，저사득피시경경향우선택금액교대적연지화풍험선항。동시，연구발현삼류심리거리대량류결책유상사영향，진일보험증료불동심리거리적본질상사성。
Temporal distance, social distance and probabilistic distance are three basic dimensions of psychological distance. It has been proved that different kinds of psychological distance have similar effects on cognitive representations of events. In general, distant events are represented as high-level construals, whereas near events are represented as low-level construals. As events become more distant, the high-level construals become more influential in shaping preference whereas the low-level construals become less influential （Liberman, Trope, ＆amp;Stephan, 2007;Liberman,＆amp;Trope, 2008;Trope,＆amp;Liberman, 2010）. This study investigates the effects of temporal, social and probabilistic distance on intertemporal choice and risky choice. We hypothesize that different kinds of distance have similar effects on intertemporal and risky choice, based on the assumptions that these three kinds of distance share the same nature as psychological distance, and that intertemporal choice and risky choice have common processes of option representation and weighting. When psychological distance increases, money magnitude as high-level construal becomes more influential while time and probability as low-level construals become less influential （Sagristano, Trope, ＆amp;Liberman, 2002; Trope ＆amp; Liberman, 2003）. Therefore, participants in distant conditions would choose delayed and risky alternatives with larger monetary value. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of temporal distance on intertemporal and risky choices. Participants were told that they would participate in a visual experiment, but before that they needed to make an intertemporal choice as their rewards between “￥50 immediately” and “￥90 in 3 months” （experiment 1a）, or between “￥50 for sure” and “￥200 with the probability of 20%” （experiment 1b）. In near condition, the experiment would be conducted soon, and in distant condition the experiment would be conducted in 6 months. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of social distance. In near condition, participants would make choice for themselves, and in distant condition, for other people. Experiment 3 investigated the effect of probabilistic distance. In near condition, participants were told that they would participate in the experiment with 90%probability, and in distant condition, with 10%probability. The options of intertemporal choice and risky choice are similar to experiment 1. The results show that no matter what kind of distance was involved, there were more participants in distant condition who chose delayed or risky alternatives than those who did in near condition, which confirms the hypotheses. The similar effects of temporal, social and probabilistic distance on intertemporal and risky choices suggest that intermporal and risky choices share common psychological process, and these three kinds of distance are homogeneous psychological distance.