CAJ | 학술논문

在收入分配失衡及劳资争议加剧的背景下，中国加快了工会建设的步伐。但学界对中国工会是否有助于改善劳动权益，还有争议。鉴于已有基于企业截面数据研究可能存在的“加总谬误”及“选择偏误”，本文首次基于2009年北京等六个省份的约24万雇员-雇主匹配数据，研究了工会对不同类型职工的异质性影响。在采用干预效应模型控制工会会员身份可能存在的选择效应后，本文发现：（1）中国工会不仅提高了会员职工的工资率，还降低了他们的工作时间。（2）不同技能职工从工会中的获益不同：中等技能职工加入工会后的工资率溢价高于均值，低技能职工低于均值，最高技能职工最小；就工作时间而言，低技能职工加入工会后的降幅大于均值。（3）进一步来看，中国工会影响存在所有制差异：国有企业职工的受益主要在工资率上，私营、港澳台和外资企业职工主要在工作时间上。
재수입분배실형급로자쟁의가극적배경하，중국가쾌료공회건설적보벌。단학계대중국공회시부유조우개선노동권익，환유쟁의。감우이유기우기업절면수거연구가능존재적“가총류오”급“선택편오”，본문수차기우2009년북경등륙개성빈적약24만고원-고주필배수거，연구료공회대불동류형직공적이질성영향。재채용간예효응모형공제공회회원신빈가능존재적선택효응후，본문발현：（1）중국공회불부제고료회원직공적공자솔，환강저료타문적공작시간。（2）불동기능직공종공회중적획익불동：중등기능직공가입공회후적공자솔일개고우균치，저기능직공저우균치，최고기능직공최소；취공작시간이언，저기능직공가입공회후적강폭대우균치。（3）진일보래간，중국공회영향존재소유제차이：국유기업직공적수익주요재공자솔상，사영、항오태화외자기업직공주요재공작시간상。
China accelerated the construction pace of trade unions, as the country＇s income distribution is worsening and labor relation is intensifying. However, it is widely controversial on whether trade unions have improved labor rights. Given the aggregation bias and selection bias arose from the firm level cross-sectional data, this paper innovatively studies union＇s heterogeneous effect on different type of workers using an employee-employer dataset including about 24 million workers surveyed in 35 cities in 2009. After controlling the selection bias using treatment effects model, we have found that：（ 1 ） Chinese trade unions have not only significantly improved workers＇ wage rate, but also reduced their working hours ; （2） The wage effect is primarily driven by medium-level skilled workers, whose wage rate increase is above the average; such wage effect is less significant among less-skilled workers. For both low-skilled and medium-skilled workers who have joined trade union, working hour is shorter than average. （3） Further analyses have shown that, the company ownership affects trade unionism largely： the state-owned enterprise workers benefit from trade union mainly on the wage rate; while private, HMT, and foreign invested enterprise workers benefit mainly from working hours.