CAJ | 학술논문

视觉预期是一种运用视觉信息的部分资源和先行资源对即将发生的事件进行预测的能力。为了人们更加清楚地认识视觉预期的内在加工过程，同时也有助于国内外研究者更为科学深入地探讨这种自上而下的加工。本文首先论述了视觉预期的两种研究技术：眼动追踪技术和运动轨迹技术。然后介绍了婴幼儿和成人两个发展阶段的研究发现。最后指出今后研究应加强视觉预期相关技术在临床诊断中的应用，注重环境在视觉预期中的作用，从神经网络角度研究视觉预期的神经基础。
시각예기시일충운용시각신식적부분자원화선행자원대즉장발생적사건진행예측적능력。위료인문경가청초지인식시각예기적내재가공과정，동시야유조우국내외연구자경위과학심입지탐토저충자상이하적가공。본문수선논술료시각예기적량충연구기술：안동추종기술화운동궤적기술。연후개소료영유인화성인량개발전계단적연구발현。최후지출금후연구응가강시각예기상관기술재림상진단중적응용，주중배경재시각예기중적작용，종신경망락각도연구시각예기적신경기출。
Visual anticipation is the ability to use the currently available visual information to make predictions about future events. The present paper gives an overview of the previous studies of visual anticipation in two unique developmental populations （ infants and adult athletes）. For infants, the eye -tracking technique is frequently used to study visual anticipation. A typical experimental task involves the presentation of a sequence of pictures to the infant, of which the gaze direction is recorded with an eye tracker. Pictures are presen- ted on the left or right side of the display in a predictable manner. Anticipatory gaze shifts are expected once the infant has learned the rule of where the next picture will （or is likely to） appear. With this method, previous studies have demonstrated that infants show visu- al anticipation in both the attributes of objects （size, orientation and structure） and behavioral targets. For adults, research has been carried out by applying the motion -traee technique and for the purpose of investigating the neural mechanism of visual anticipation of adult athletes. Motion - trace technique is the most widely used method to examine this issue. In a typical experimental task, it is often the case that novices and experts are distinguished from each other and then they are required to complete tasks related to visual anticipation. Studies have found two very important neural pathways in visual anticipation, namely the ventral and dorsal streams, and these two interrelated but distinguishable systems are the core of the neural mechanism of visual antici- pation. The findings indicated that both the ventral and dorsal streams of the nerve system play important roles in adult visual anticipa- tion. To be specific, ventral stream is responsible for the behavioral perception under specific situation whereas dorsal stream is relevant to the visual guidance of action. In addition, ventral stream and dorsal stream are found to have a significant impact on novices and ex- perts respectively. Studies also revealed that there are other brain areas, namely the parahippocampal cortex, the retrosplenial cortex, the bilateral orbital frontal cortex, and the central -part, dorsolateral and ventrolateral frontal cortexes, involved as the neural basis in visual anticipation. Among these brain areas, parahippocampal cortex and the retrosplenial cortex are associated with the processing of context relevance, the bilateral orbital frontal cortex is related to the processing of associative information, and the frontal - cortex is mainly responsible for the preparation and control of behavioral responses. The present paper also advanced suggestions for future research from the following three aspects. Firstly, to study the neural basis of visual expectation from the angle of neural network, that is, to establish a neural network of visual expectation by connecting ventral and dorsal streams with other brain areas ; secondly, to emphasize the effect of the environment on visual expectation by either adopting the representative design or combining case study with cross - sectional study, and the latter aims at exploring the effect of family envi- ronment on infants＇ visual expectation; and thirdly, to increase the application of the gaze - recording technique by either combining it with medical equipments or using it in clinical rehabilitation for the training of some special skills in visual expectation.