CAJ | 학술논문

研究采用JAS范式，通过操纵群体信息的性质（支持和反对）以及一致性程度，考察了决策信心在信息化从众过程中的作用。结果表明：（1）个体仅在接收到反对信息时会发生决策的偏转，表现出从众；（2）群体信息显著影响个体的信心：支持性的群体信息使个体的信心显著增高；反对性的群体信息使信心显著降低，且降低的程度大于增高的程度；（3）决策信心在反对性的群体信息影响决策改变过程中起着中介的作用。说明在信息化从众过程中，决策信心起着重要的中介作用。
연구채용JAS범식，통과조종군체신식적성질（지지화반대）이급일치성정도，고찰료결책신심재신식화종음과정중적작용。결과표명：（1）개체부재접수도반대신식시회발생결책적편전，표현출종음；（2）군체신식현저영향개체적신심：지지성적군체신식사개체적신심현저증고；반대성적군체신식사신심현저강저，차강저적정도대우증고적정도；（3）결책신심재반대성적군체신식영향결책개변과정중기착중개적작용。설명재신식화종음과정중，결책신심기착중요적중개작용。
When one receives information from a group that is inconsistent with his own decision, he may shift his decision and conform to the majority, we call this phenomenon Informational Conformity. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still inconclusive. Viewed from another perspective, Informational Conformity is also a phenomenon of decision - shifting. And according to the Two - Stage Dynamic Signal Detection （2DSD）, the decision confidence may have a specific role in decision- shifting. Decision confidence reflects one＇s belief in the optimality or correctness of his decision, and humans often use it to adjust their decisions. The 2DSD suppo- ses that a judge does not simply shut down the information accumulation process after making a choice but continues to accumulate infor- mation to make a confidence rating. So the confidence rating is a function of the information collected at the time of the choice plus the information collected after making a choice. Thus, one＇s confidence rating will increase if the information collected after making a choice supports his choice, and will decrease if the information conflicts with his choice, then their decision may be changed. Hence, this study hypothesizes that the decision confidence may have an important effect on Informational Conformity. With a modification of the JAS （judge - advice - system） paradigm, we explored the role of decision confidence in Informational Conformity. 30 participants （ 12 males）, age 19 - 25, were recruited from undergraduate students. We made 80 rectangular pictures by the CAD drawing software, and divided it into two irregular parts with a curve. Participants were asked to pick out the larger one, and rated their confidence on a scale from 1 （very uncertain） to 6 （certain） of their decision. After rating, we provided participants with the information of others＇ decisions on that very picture for reference. Then, they estimated their confidence rating again or shift their choice to another. The results showed that：（ 1 ） participants shifted their decisions and conformed to the majority merely in the ＂against＂ condition; （2） the group information had a significant influence on individual＇s decision confidence. When the information one received supported his judgment, his confidence rating increased; and when the information was against his judgment, his confidence decreased. Moreo- ver, compared with supportive information, the ＂against＂ information caused greater changes in confidence, suggesting a negative effect on information taking; （3） the mediation analyses revealed that decision confidence conveyed a significant negative indirect effect of group information on the individual＇s decision- shifting. In conclusion, the findings revealed that the decision confidence played a key role in Informational Conformity. When an individual receives opposing information to his initial decision from a group, his decision confidence will decrease, and this leads to his decision - shifting, showing a conformity behavior. These findings not only enrich the decision theory, but also remind us that we should use infor- mation rationally when making decisions.