CAJ | 학술논문

工业污染治理投资是企业补偿环境负外部性的重要手段，其就业效应与生产性投资拉动就业截然不同。通过调整工业污染治理投资规模和模式，中国能否实现地区环境改善和就业增长的双重红利是非常值得探讨的问题。本文构建了一个包含工业污染治理投资变量的地区劳动力供求模型．分析得出工业污染治理投资的地区劳动力需求效应取决于其企业竞争力正效应与企业生产规模负效应的高低．工业污染治理投资的地区劳动力供给效应取决于劳动者效用的提高程度。采用污染物无量纲化后的工业污染治理投资强度变量．基于1997-2011年中国30个省份的面板数据．并运用联立方程回归估计方法进行实证研究，本文发现：提高工业污染治理投资总强度能实现地区就业增长。与工业污染事后治理的工业污染源治理投资模式相比．工业污染事前治理的“三同时”投资模式对企业竞争力和劳动者效用提升的作用更明显。前期工业污染治理投资对当期地区就业也有正效应．但弱于当期工业污染治理投资。工业污染较严重的东部地区工业污染治理投资就业效应高于全国水平。因此。中国各地区特别是东部地区应稳步增加工业污染治理投资规模．鼓励引导企业采用“三同时”投资模式，并科学制定工业污染治理投资中长期规划．以缓解地区就业与环境之间的矛盾。
공업오염치리투자시기업보상배경부외부성적중요수단，기취업효응여생산성투자랍동취업절연불동。통과조정공업오염치리투자규모화모식，중국능부실현지구배경개선화취업증장적쌍중홍리시비상치득탐토적문제。본문구건료일개포함공업오염치리투자변량적지구노동력공구모형．분석득출공업오염치리투자적지구노동력수구효응취결우기기업경쟁력정효응여기업생산규모부효응적고저．공업오염치리투자적지구노동력공급효응취결우노동자효용적제고정도。채용오염물무량강화후적공업오염치리투자강도변량．기우1997-2011년중국30개성빈적면판수거．병운용련립방정회귀고계방법진행실증연구，본문발현：제고공업오염치리투자총강도능실현지구취업증장。여공업오염사후치리적공업오염원치리투자모식상비．공업오염사전치리적“삼동시”투자모식대기업경쟁력화노동자효용제승적작용경명현。전기공업오염치리투자대당기지구취업야유정효응．단약우당기공업오염치리투자。공업오염교엄중적동부지구공업오염치리투자취업효응고우전국수평。인차。중국각지구특별시동부지구응은보증가공업오염치리투자규모．고려인도기업채용“삼동시”투자모식，병과학제정공업오염치리투자중장기규화．이완해지구취업여배경지간적모순。
Industrial pollution treatment investment（IPTI） is an important means of compensating environment negative externalities by corporations, which employment effect is entirely different from the productive investment. Then, it is very worthy of discussion that whether China can achieve the “doubIe dividend” of regional environment improvement and employment growth through rearrangement of the scale and model of IPTI. This article builds a regional labor supply and demand model which includes the IPTI variable. Theoretically it is concluded that the effect of IPTI on regional labor demand depends on the tradeoff of its positive enterprise competitive effect and negative production scale effect and the effect of IPTI on regional labor supply depends on the increase degree of laborer utility. Based on a nondimensionalized pollutants changed IPTI intensity variable and 1997 to 2011 China 30 provinces＇ panel data and applied simultaneous equation regression estimation method to do empirical research, we find that increasing the total intensity of IlyrI can achieve regional employment growth. Compared with the after-pollution industrial pollution source treatment investment model, the fore-pollution “three-simultaneity” IPTI model has a more significant effect on promoting enterprise competitiveness and laborer utility. The early stage of IPTI also has a significant positive effect on the current regional employment, but weaker than the current investment. The employment effect of the IPTI in the eastern region, where industrial pollution is more serious, is higher than the national average level. Therefore, different regions in China, especially the China eastern region need to Steadily increase the IPTI scale, encourage and guide industrial corporations convert environment investment into the “three-simultaneity” investment model and scientifically enact medium and long term IPTI plans, in order to relieve the contradiction between employment and environment.