CAJ | 학술논문

目的：结合长跑运动员常规耐力训练情况，设计最大力量训练方案，并通过对比力量训练前后有氧机能、力量素质以及跑步经济性等指标的变化情况，评定力量训练方案的有效性。方法：19名男子长跑运动员被随机分为实验组（n=10）和对照组（n=9）。除在实验前完成5000m跑测试外，受试者还需在6周实验前、后分别完成形态测试、递增负荷测试、恒定负荷测试及力量测试。结果：实验前、后，两组受试者的体重、骨骼肌质量及最大耗氧量（V02max）未发生明显改变（P〉0．05）；两组受试者的无氧阈（AT）均显著提高（P〉0．05），但增幅无显著差异（P〈0．05）；对照组的VO2max跑速、最大力量、发力率及跑步经济性变化不明显（P〉0．05），而实验组不但有显著或非常显著的提高（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），且增幅也不同程度地显著高于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；实验组跑步经济性的改善与最大力量的提高存在显著的相关关系（r=-0．63，P〈0．05）。结论：每周3次，共持续6周，约占耐力训练总量1／10的负重半蹲最大力量训练，并不会影响长跑运动员有氧机能的发展，且可有效增强神经肌肉功能，改善跑步经济性。
목적：결합장포운동원상규내력훈련정황，설계최대역량훈련방안，병통과대비역량훈련전후유양궤능、역량소질이급포보경제성등지표적변화정황，평정역량훈련방안적유효성。방법：19명남자장포운동원피수궤분위실험조（n=10）화대조조（n=9）。제재실험전완성5000m포측시외，수시자환수재6주실험전、후분별완성형태측시、체증부하측시、항정부하측시급역량측시。결과：실험전、후，량조수시자적체중、골격기질량급최대모양량（V02max）미발생명현개변（P〉0．05）；량조수시자적무양역（AT）균현저제고（P〉0．05），단증폭무현저차이（P〈0．05）；대조조적VO2max포속、최대역량、발력솔급포보경제성변화불명현（P〉0．05），이실험조불단유현저혹비상현저적제고（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），차증폭야불동정도지현저고우대조조（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；실험조포보경제성적개선여최대역량적제고존재현저적상관관계（r=-0．63，P〈0．05）。결론：매주3차，공지속6주，약점내력훈련총량1／10적부중반준최대역량훈련，병불회영향장포운동원유양궤능적발전，차가유효증강신경기육공능，개선포보경제성。
Objective.. To design the maximal strength training program for distance runners based on their regular endurance training condition, and to verify the program by comparing the differences of aerobic capacity, strength, running economy before and after experiment. Meth- ods：19 male distance runners were randomly assigned to an intervention group （n= 10） and a control group （n= 9）. Besides the 5000m running test before experiment, subjects performed the anthropometry test,incremental exercise test, constant exercise test and strength test before and after experiment respectively. Results： Compared to the index tested before experiment, 6weeks later, the weight, skeletal muscle mass and maximal oxygen uptake of subjects were unchanged （P〈0.05） ; anaerobic threshold was improved significantly （P〈0. 05）, but the growth was similar （P〈0. 05） between two groups~ velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, one repetition maximum, rate of force development and running economy kept unchanged in control group （P〈0. 05）,but increased markedly in intervention group （P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01）, fur- thermore the growth in intervention group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01） ; significant correlation was found between improvement of running economy and development of one repetition maximum in intervention group （r=-0. 63, P〈0. 05 ）. Conclusions： Maximal strength training consisting of half--squats, performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks, taken less than one tenth of endurance training time, did not impair the aerobic ca- pacity, could improve the running economy by promoting the neuromuscular function.