CAJ | 학술논문

对“私人恶德”可转化为公众利益的问题,哈丁在“公地悲剧”和“零和游戏”讨论中做了重要但不彻底的批判.自然、反自然是两种相反性质的进化,免费、付费是两种午餐模式;地球系统的自然演化是为生命提供“免费午餐”的熵过程.生物圈、“生态目的性”是外部性的参照系和本质判据.最小化配置资源,贯彻“生态目的性”,使生物的外部性在生物圈层面得到最终消解而享用“免费午餐”;不扮演生态角色,承担生态义务,最大化配置资源,“生态目的性”的丢失和非有机性使外部性成了人类的本质.对人类外部性的消除,自然既没有义务也没有能力.指数式增加的人类废物、废热对自然冗余功能的大量利用和自然“循环扩散”机制的破坏,导致当代严重的社会自然危机的出现;缩减人口经济规模并实施“粮食石油”战略,是应对外部性规模危机根本且唯一之策.
대“사인악덕”가전화위공음이익적문제,합정재“공지비극”화“령화유희”토론중주료중요단불철저적비판.자연、반자연시량충상반성질적진화,면비、부비시량충오찬모식;지구계통적자연연화시위생명제공“면비오찬”적적과정.생물권、“생태목적성”시외부성적삼조계화본질판거.최소화배치자원,관철“생태목적성”,사생물적외부성재생물권층면득도최종소해이향용“면비오찬”;불분연생태각색,승담생태의무,최대화배치자원,“생태목적성”적주실화비유궤성사외부성성료인류적본질.대인류외부성적소제,자연기몰유의무야몰유능력.지수식증가적인류폐물、폐열대자연용여공능적대량이용화자연“순배확산”궤제적파배,도치당대엄중적사회자연위궤적출현;축감인구경제규모병실시“양식석유”전략,시응대외부성규모위궤근본차유일지책.
According to Mandeville and Adam Smith, ＂private vices＂ and ＂personal benefits＂ bring ＂public benefits＂ when it is ＂lopped by justice＂ or under the guidance of ＂invisible hand,＂ and form win win situation of human beings and a rich harmonious society; the economics also violates its ＂no free lunch＂ motto, and suggests that ＂external diseconomy＂ is inessential and eliminable. In the light of the theory of ＂subversive＂ ecology, Hardin provides an important but incomplete criticism--externality is essential in ＂the game of win or lose,＂ and becomes eliminable when ＂freedom of use＂ and ＂private property right＂ is regarded to be the cause and countermeasure of ＂tragedy of t~：e commons. ＂